穩(wěn)中求變
求變是英語的特色。用詞的變化,句式的變化,構(gòu)成了具備英語特色的文字。漢語相對而言求穩(wěn),重復(fù)的詞語,相似的句式,常常能夠構(gòu)成典型的漢語文字。
這篇漢譯英短文,“逆耳之言”在許多地方提及,如果都譯成unpleasant to the ear,英語譯文重復(fù)過多,不符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。我們?nèi)绻軌蛟诓煌纳舷挛闹胁捎貌煌脑~語和短語,文字的靈動就能夠給人留下深刻的印象。如:
人們通常喜歡聽好聽的話,一聽到拂耳之言就容易產(chǎn)生不悅甚至慍怒。
We tend to hear words pleasant to the ear but have displeasure and resentment at words harsh to the ear.
一個(gè)人特別是身居要職的人要能夠心悅誠服地傾聽逆耳之良言并從中獲得智慧,就需要一種容忍和大度的雅量。
A man, especially one occupying an important position, needs tolerance and magnanimity to lend an ear to truthful yet offensive words with heartfelt admiration so as to gain wisdom from them.
忠言逆耳利于行
Honest advice, though unpleasant to the ear, benefits conduct.
但在行為上,人們又時(shí)常背離這些古訓(xùn),不愿意聽或聽不進(jìn)“逆耳”之言。
In our behaviours, we tend to depart from those established maxims, reluctant to accept and follow those uncomfortable truths until eventually grave errors are committed.
絲絲入扣 譯網(wǎng)打盡
英語是形合的語言,漢語是意合的語言,這已經(jīng)在翻譯界形成共識。漢語句子之間的銜接,甚至短語之間的銜接,就顯得格外地重要。我們來看漢譯英段落中的一些句子的處理,如何通過連接詞語體現(xiàn)嚴(yán)密的邏輯關(guān)系,從而體現(xiàn)英語的特點(diǎn)。
例1 人們通常喜歡聽好聽的話,一聽到拂耳之言就容易產(chǎn)生不悅甚至慍怒。
譯文:We tend to hear words pleasant to the ear but have displeasure and resentment at words harsh to the ear.
以上兩個(gè)短句間是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,可以利用but進(jìn)行銜接。
例2 一個(gè)人特別是身居要職的人要能夠心悅誠服地傾聽逆耳之良言并從中獲得智慧,就需要一種容忍和大度的雅量。
譯文:A man, especially one occupying an important position, needs tolerance and magnanimity to lend an ear to truthful yet offensive words with heartfelt admiration so as to gain wisdom from them.
以上句子中“需要一種容忍和大度的雅量”的目的是要“能夠心悅誠服地傾聽逆耳之良言”,而“從中獲得智慧”又是“心悅誠服地傾聽逆耳之良言”的目的,目的關(guān)系可以通過不定式to或者so as to來進(jìn)行銜接。
例3 但在行為上,人們又時(shí)常背離這些古訓(xùn),不愿意聽或聽不進(jìn)“逆耳”之言,”最終犯下嚴(yán)重的過失。
譯文:However, in our behaviours, we tend to depart from those established maxims, reluctant to accept and follow those uncomfortable truths until eventually grave errors are committed.
“最終犯下嚴(yán)重的過失”一句,通過“最終”二字,說明和前面一個(gè)短句間的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系,所以我們可以采用until一詞來自然地進(jìn)行銜接。