第三十篇 金融體制改革

中國金融體制的改革目標(biāo)是建立符合中國特色社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)代金融體系、現(xiàn)代金融制度和良好的金融秩序。這包括有計(jì)劃分步驟地進(jìn)行中國人民銀行管理體制和國有商業(yè)銀行、中國人民保險(xiǎn)（集團(tuán)）公司的商業(yè)化改革；發(fā)展城市商業(yè)銀行等地方性金融機(jī)構(gòu)，建立健全多類型、多層次的金融機(jī)構(gòu)體系；按金融企業(yè)的基本屬性建立各項(xiàng)經(jīng)營管理制度，要求所有金融企業(yè)依法自主經(jīng)營，嚴(yán)禁任何部門和個(gè)人干預(yù)金融企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)，同時(shí)要求金融業(yè)承擔(dān)經(jīng)營責(zé)任風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；進(jìn)一步完善金融法律體系，依法整頓和規(guī)范金融秩序；切實(shí)加強(qiáng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部自律控制機(jī)制；建立市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的金融監(jiān)管制度，在國有全國性金融業(yè)成立監(jiān)事會等等。

The reform of China’s financial system aims at establishing a modern financial system with a sound financial order, a system that agrees with a Chinese-type socialist market economy. Efforts will be made to reform the management system of the People’s Bank of China and turn state-owned commercial banks and the People’s Insurance Co. of China into full-fledged commercial entities in a planned and step-by-step manner, develop urban commercial banks and other local financial institutions, and establish a financial system composed of diversified, multi-level financial institutions. Management systems will be established in accordance with the basic attribution of various financial enterprises, and all financial institutions should operate independently according to law. Neither institution nor individual is allowed to interfere with normal business operations of financial institutions. Financial institutions should be accountable for their own risks, further improve the financial legal system, rectify and standardize financial order in accordance with law, and strengthen the construction of internal control systems. It is also imperative to establish a financial supervision system under the conditions of a market economy, and supervisory boards will be set up in all state-owned national financial institutions.

建立現(xiàn)代金融制度，其中很重要的是要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造條件，按國際清算銀行確定的原則對銀行進(jìn)行管理，對其業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)行資產(chǎn)負(fù)債比例管理和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理。這些改革措施正在逐步加以落實(shí)。金融制度改革的目標(biāo)是經(jīng)過幾年的努力，使國有商業(yè)銀行的管理水平達(dá)到國際上比較先進(jìn)的商業(yè)銀行的管理水平。在中央銀行機(jī)構(gòu)改革方面，將在今后幾年內(nèi)建立若干個(gè)跨省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的一級分行，地區(qū)行和縣行基本保留，但要轉(zhuǎn)換職能。這一改革將影響中國金融業(yè)20年甚至30年。

In the effort to establish a modern financial system, an important task is to create conditions for exercising management over the banks’ liability rate on assets and to ensure their capability of preventing financial risks in accordance with the principles set by international clearing banks. These reform measures are being actualized in a step-by-step manner. The goal for the financial reform is that with several years of efforts the management level of state-owned commercial banks witll be raised to that of fairly advanced commercial banks in the world. With regard to the central bank’s restructuring, a number of cross-provincial, cross-autonomous regional and cross-municipal first-level branch banks will be established in the next few years. Prefectural and county banks will be kept principally, but their functions will be shifted. This reform will exert influence on China’s financial sector for as long as 20, or even 30, years.