真題分析 四

2002年9月 section2 6－10

Reading Objectives: 進一步理解example的功能，熟悉按時間順序寫作的方式

Bill Gates is not the only American entrepreneur with business plan to save the world.There are thousands. Consider Steve Kirsch, who had just turned 35 when he had everything he could want.Adobe, the software giant, had just purchased one of his startups, Eframe, The sale made Kirsch very rich, with a share in a private jet, an estate in California' s Los Altos Hills and a burning question: what to do with the rest of a 50 million fortune? After a few years of doling out money to traditional charities-his alma mater, the United Way-Kirsch got ambitious. He set up his own foundation to benefit "everyone", funding research on everything from cancer to near-earth objects. "It is guaranteed that we will be hit by an asteroid sometime in the future, "perhaps "before we end this phone conversation. "Kirsch explains. "It would cost several billion lives, and we can save those lives for 50 million, which is less than the cost of a private jet. I call it enlightened self-interest."

對應題目

6. Why does the author introduce some American millionaires at the beginning of the passage?

(A) To introduce the rapid growth of American millionaires.

(B) To show how they become millionaires.

(C) To display the relationship between business and philanthropy.

　(D) To explain their changing attitude towards charities.

Example功能題　

Startups：創(chuàng)業(yè)公司

dole out捐款

alma mater（拉丁詞）母校

alumna校友

alumni 男校友

alumnae女校友

self-interest　謀求私利

American philanthropy isn't what it used to be.

American philanthropy isn't what it used to be.：時間強對比的暗示

本句推斷出了第六題的答案。

Gone are the days when old money was doled out by bureaucrats from mahogany-paneled rooms.

More people are giving out more money than ever before, at much younger ages, and to a much wider variety of causes. In the 1980s, Ronald Reagan's call for private charity to replace government largesse was greeted with hoots of liberal derision-and an outbreak of giving.

Largesse：慷慨

Hoot：嘲諷

Derision：嘲諷

Outbreak：爆發(fā)

The number of private foundations rose from 22, 000 in 1980 to 55, 000 today. They now dole out about 23.3 billion a year, a 700 percent increase since 1980.

And many are the offspring of capitalists, who bring the language of business to charity. Vanessa Kirsch, president and founder of the entrepreneurial charity New Profit Inc., says, "There's this new breed of social entrepreneurs coming out of Harvard Business School or failed dot-coms, and they're saying, ‘I want to make big things happen.’"

對應題目：

7. The author mentions Ronald Reagan's call for private charity to replace government largesse as .

(A) Ronald Reagan was the then American President

(B) his call was severely criticized by the public

(C) Ronald Reagan first understood the significance of private foundations

(D) his call received mixed responses but pointed the way for philanthropy

注：first, all, only not at all, most, never等絕對選項不選

如果一個答案能夠包容另一個答案，我們通常選擇可以包容其他答案的那一個。

8. The expression "who bring the language of business to charity" from the sentence "And many are the offspring of capitalists, who bring the language of business to charity. "(Para. 2) means .

(A) who run charities in the same way as they run businesses

(B) who uphold the principles of business in managing charities

(C) who manage the money they send to charities

(D) who think philanthropists should receive training

Their outlook is increasingly global, in the Gates mold. The share of funding that the 1, 000 largest foundations devote to international causes jumped from 11.3 percent in 1999 to 16.3 percent in 2000. And while the U.S. government is often criticized for stingy foreign aid (well under 1 percent of GNP each year), the same can't be said of private donors, who now give away 2.1 percent of U.S.GNP each year. "No nation comes even remotely close to the U.S. on these things, "says Scott Walker of the Philanthropy Roundtable. "If you're in Sweden or France, it's something the government is supposed to do. If you were in England, it is the nobility. Americans don't think it's enough to say, ‘I gave at the office with taxes.’"

Sweden or France：出現(xiàn)多個地點，地點強對比，有可能是考點所在

9. Which of the following can be concluded from Scott Walker's comment(Para. 3)?

(A) Charities in European countries are run by the governmental department.

(B)America should earnestly learn the practice of charity from France and Sweden.

(C) European countries should learn from American charity.

(D) The concept of American charity is different from that of European ones.

To be sure, business and philanthropy are old bedfellows in the United States. The Rockefellers, the Carnegies and the Fords set the mold. But many were what Mark Dowie, author of "American Foundations: An Investigative History, "calls" s. o. b. s"?patrons of "symphonies, operas, ballets, "and "museums and hospitals where rich people go to die. "The new foundations are more like "quasi-public trusts　progressive institutions of change, "argues Dowie.

The new movers and shakers of American charity are more likely to be flashy TV titans like Ted Turner. The story of how Turner gave away a billion is a founding legend of this class. In a cab on his way to make a speech at the United Nations, the cable titan, sick of official U.S. reluctance to pay U.N. dues, decided to pony up 1 billion himself. This shamed Washington and inspired imitators. "It is a lot more personality-oriented in this culture of new wealth, "says Ellen Dadisman, vice president of the Council on Foundations. "It's sort of like wealth meets People magazine."

pony up：一次性付清

In Silicon Vallsey, the new fashion is called "venture philanthropy. "According to one survey, 83 percent of valley households give to charity, compared with 69 percent nationally. But they prefer to "invest, "not "give. "And to attract "investors, "fund-raisers promise hands-on management of the nonprofits they support.

hands-on management：參與管理方式

nonprofit　非盈利機構

They demand seats on the board, set performance goals and plan an exit strategy in case expectations aren't met. "Traditionally, foundations have not been as invasive, "says Dadisman. "They didn't go to the nonprofit and say, “How much are you paying for rent? Why are you using these old-fashioned computers?’"It may be invasive, but if it works it could help save the world. Even from asteroids.

10. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

(A) Charities will become profitable businesses in the future.

(B) More people in Silicon Valley give money to charity.

(C) Management of charities is required to undergo changes.

(D) Foundations are beginning to check how the charities are running.

解題總結：

文章最重要的句子：American philanthropy isn't what it used to be.

Other Reading Skills:

一. first, all, only not at all, must, never等絕對選項不選

二. 包含性好的選項優(yōu)先考慮

三．地點強對比考點

四．強對比突出的是現(xiàn)在