第五章 翻譯十大原則

1) 動賓連接原則：翻譯動賓短語時，先考慮賓語的成分

中國人民始終希望天下太平，希望各國人民友好相處。

The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.

The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.

avoid the stupid and short-sighted traps

擺脫束縛

打破禁錮

擺脫羈絆

2) 時態原則

中華民族歷來愛好自由和和平。

The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.

The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.

The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.

中國過去是、現在是、將來是……

China was, remains to be

中國人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。

The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.

After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S. –led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.

畢竟中國、古巴等一些在人權委員會中受到以美國為首批評的國家，總是投票或游說反對美國政府。

虛擬語氣用“本應當……”

3) 主語確定原則

這一目標的實現，最直接的應該是老百姓住得更寬敞了，更舒服了。

The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.（重新確定主語）

其實，撇開數學，繞過那一大堆公式，一門學科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。

To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.（增補主語）

They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.

無論是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政府都已無能為力。（重新確定主語，賓語變主語）

注：there be 句型：狀語變主語

They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.

從地雷禁用條款到京都防止氣候變暖條約等一系列問題，美國政府總是對國際輿論置若罔聞，使得這些（倒戈）國家越來越失望/懊惱。

4) 謂語最小化原則

今年的亞太經濟貿易合作組織會議將主要側重兩個方面：一是加強亞太經合組織成員之間的合作，共同應對可能出現的經濟衰退，重樹信心；二是繼續推進亞太經合組織貿易投資自由化進程，推動世界貿易組織盡早開始新一輪談判。

The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.

如何化解謂語：１、動詞變為名詞

　　　　　　　２、多使用介詞短語:with; through

３、多使用分詞短語

　　　　　　?。础⒍嗍褂?/SPAN>to do sth.目的狀語

　　　　　　　５、最后一個謂語：使用“，which 引導的非限定性定語從句”

顯然，許多美國的傳統支持國家沒有投票支持美國，以此對美國奉行單邊主義表示不滿。

Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.

5) 動賓換序原則：

處理較長賓語的方法：

１、謂語變成能夠直接接賓語的表達形式

The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.

在新千年，經濟重心將向亞洲轉移，中國將迅速崛起，世界其他地區將不得不對此做出反應。

２、先譯賓語，再譯主謂

The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.

研究生是否存在，大學是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項目預算。

6) 句群邏輯關系原則

六種重要的邏輯關系：

１、表原因關系，聯結詞：因為、所以、因此、由于

２、轉折關系：雖然、但是、然而，不過

３、條件關系：如果、假如、只要……就，一旦

４、讓步關系：盡管、就算……也、即使……也

５、時間先后關系：……之后，接著……

６、結果關系：從而、導致

經過二十多年的快速發展，中國西部地區已奠定了一定的物質技術基礎，社會保持穩定，市場經濟體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經濟持續快速增長創造了有利的市場環境。

Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.

The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China

中國將致力于建設國家創新體系，通過營造良好的環境，推進知識創新、技術創新和體制創新，這是中國實現跨世紀發展的必由之路。

Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.

7) 連接原則

不僅考慮邏輯關系，還要區分主謂語、次謂語

書無所不讀，全無所惑，并不著急，教書做事，均甚認真，往往吃虧，也不后悔。

Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.

中國加入世界貿易組織的談判已經進行了15年了。中國的立場始終如一。

China has been engaged in the talks for entry into the WTO for 15 years with its consistent stance.

8) 減少of原則

經濟全球化的深入發展提高了人民的生活水平。

The furthering economic globalization has improved people’s living standard.

中國的富強和發展不會對任何國家構成威脅。

A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.

我們之間關系的發展，使我們不僅成為親密的朋友，而且成為兄弟。

Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.

樓的質量不好。

The building is not well built.

當of能夠轉化成’s的所屬關系時

9) 名詞詞組與分句互譯原則

They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.

基金會提供了一種方式，可以讓有錢人和大公司能實際支配花去稅款的方式。

注：賓語中出現５ｗ１ｈ的從句，轉化成名詞詞組

But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.

但新千年蓋茨對此持懷疑態度，熱衷于施舍和政府援助。

注：對于一般的形容詞短語，可以轉化簡單主謂分句

The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.

研究生是否存在，大學是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項目預算。

注：of架構的名詞詞組，如果不表示所屬關系，極可能變成“是否”從句

10) 妖詞原則

From a small beginning at the turn of the century ……

本世紀初，基金會的數量并不多。　

Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.

亞洲國家的經濟總量將超過其他國家地區的總和。

Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.

這些國家雖然呈現出欣欣向榮的態勢，但其中還有許多處于極端貧窮的弱勢人口，還有少部分人口極端富有。　

The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.

無論來自于政府或商界，項目資金的重要特點是其建立在契約上，即不同的項目可以爭取相同的項目資金，因此調研人員要取得獨立，就必須得到連續的研究項目。