評論
打印
Excellencies, distinguished representatives of missions, fellow UN agencies, ladies and gentlemen,
諸位閣下，尊敬的代表們，聯(lián)合國各機(jī)構(gòu)同仁，女士們，先生們：
I thank the President of ECOSOC for convening this important meeting.
我感謝經(jīng)社理事會主席召開這次重要會議。
The Ebola epidemic ravaging parts of West Africa represents the case of an old disease in a new context that allowed it to spread undetected for three months and take off in unprecedented ways.
正在西非肆虐的埃博拉流行病疫情是在新環(huán)境下舊病新發(fā)，悄悄流行了三個月后，急劇空前惡化。
What are the contextual factors fuelling the epidemic?
什么是助長此次疫情的環(huán)境因素呢？
This has been West Africa’s first encounter with Ebola virus disease. No clinician had ever managed a patient. No laboratory had ever handled a diagnostic specimen. No government had the experience to understand what a disease like Ebola could do to a country’s future.
這是西非首次埃博拉病毒病疫情。該地區(qū)此前沒有臨床醫(yī)生治療過埃博拉病人，沒有實(shí)驗(yàn)室處理過診斷標(biāo)本，政府也缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不了解埃博拉這樣的疾病可能會對國家未來造成多大損害。
The 3 hardest hit countries, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, are among the poorest in the world. Borders are porous and population mobility is high as people move around, looking for work.
幾內(nèi)亞、利比里亞和塞拉利昂這三個疫情最嚴(yán)重國家也是全世界最貧窮的國家。這幾個國家的邊境管制很松，很多人為找工作四處奔走，人口流動性很高。
Movement of Ebola patients across borders in their quest to find treatment beds has ignited further chains of transmission and flare-ups in areas that were approaching control.
埃博拉患者跨越國界求醫(yī)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了傳播鏈，在快要控制住局勢的地區(qū)引發(fā)新的疫情。
Community resistance has been a problem, leading to hidden cases and secret burials. Riots by angry and frightened communities and strikes by health care workers and burial teams have further disrupted control efforts.
社區(qū)抵制一直是個難題，造成病例隱而不報(bào)，尸體被悄悄埋葬。憤怒和恐慌的當(dāng)?shù)厝说尿}亂以及醫(yī)護(hù)人員和掩埋尸體人員的罷工進(jìn)一步擾亂了控制工作。
Public health infrastructures in all 3 countries were damaged or destroyed during years of civil war and unrest. The 3 countries had only 1 to 2 doctors to serve a population of nearly 100,000. That number is now even smaller as nearly 600 doctors, nurses, and other health care workers have been infected and more than half of them have died.
在連續(xù)多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和動亂中，這3個國家的公共衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施遭到破壞。在這3個國家中，每10萬人只有一兩名醫(yī)生。由于近600名醫(yī)生、護(hù)士和其他衛(wèi)生保健工作者被感染而且半數(shù)以上已經(jīng)死亡，現(xiàn)在醫(yī)生比例甚至更低。
Ladies and gentlemen,
女士們，先生們：
Prior to the epidemic, these countries were making very good progress in health and development.
而在這次疫情之前，這些國家在衛(wèi)生和發(fā)展領(lǐng)域正取得良好進(jìn)展。
This is the largest, longest, most severe, and most complex Ebola epidemic in the nearly four-decade history of this disease. What began as a health crisis has become a crisis with humanitarian, social, economic, and security implications.
這是埃博拉病近40年歷史上最大規(guī)模、最為漫長、最嚴(yán)重和最復(fù)雜的疫情。它已從剛開始時(shí)的衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域危機(jī)演變成一場人道主義、社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和安全危機(jī)。
Travel and trade bans have been imposed. Markets are not functioning. Fields are fallow. Fear of Ebola is moving faster than the virus. This is an unforgiving virus.
實(shí)施了旅游和貿(mào)易禁令；市場停轉(zhuǎn)；耕地荒蕪。對埃博拉的恐懼情緒擴(kuò)散速度比病毒還快。這是一個無情的病毒。
Guinea, which experienced the first outbreak, has had at least 3 cyclical waves of declining cases followed by flare-ups and hot spots in new places.
幾內(nèi)亞在首次暴發(fā)疫情后，經(jīng)歷了至少三次起伏期，病例數(shù)減少后又突然增加并在新的地方出現(xiàn)熱點(diǎn)。
Liberia, the most severely affected country, is making good progress but we cannot be complacent as the virus has moved from large cities into remote rural areas.
利比里亞是受影響最嚴(yán)重的國家，目前正取得良好進(jìn)展，但我們不能掉以輕心，因?yàn)樵摬《疽褟拇蟪鞘袀髦疗h(yuǎn)農(nóng)村地區(qū)。
Cases continue to increase in Sierra Leone, especially in Freetown. Development partners and UN agencies are scaling up action to support the government.
在塞拉利昂，特別是在弗里敦市，病例數(shù)繼續(xù)增加。各發(fā)展伙伴及聯(lián)合國各機(jī)構(gòu)正加緊采取行動支持該國政府。
Ladies and gentlemen,
女士們，先生們：
Cyclical patterns of apparent control followed by intense transmission will almost certainly continue as long as communities refuse to cooperate with response teams, families continue to hide cases and refuse safe burials, and the public continues to view treatment centres as places of contagion and almost certain death.
只要當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)拒絕與應(yīng)對小組合作，只要家庭繼續(xù)隱瞞病例和拒絕安全掩埋尸體，只要民眾仍將治療中心視為傳染點(diǎn)并認(rèn)為去那里后幾乎必死無疑，那么，在看來已控制住局勢后再度發(fā)生密集傳播疫情的反復(fù)模式幾乎肯定會延續(xù)下去。
But there are some bright points. Like the swift victories in Senegal and Nigeria and Mali’s determined efforts, after 2 imported cases from Guinea, to hold onward transmission to very small numbers.
但也有一些亮點(diǎn)。塞內(nèi)加爾、尼日利亞和馬里在發(fā)現(xiàn)若干輸入病例后作出堅(jiān)定努力，迅速取得勝利，只有很少人遭進(jìn)一步感染。
Another bright point is the unprecedented support from the international community, nongovernmental organizations, and the UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response, or UNMEER.
另一亮點(diǎn)是，國際社會、非政府組織以及聯(lián)合國埃博拉應(yīng)急特派團(tuán)（UNMEER）提供了前所未有的支持。
WHO is providing the technical know-how to stop transmission, adapting new strategies as the outbreaks evolve. The World Food Programme is not only delivering food and other supplies to meet daily needs but is sharing its logistical capacities with other agencies.
世衛(wèi)組織正為阻斷傳播提供技術(shù)專長，并正根據(jù)疫情的演變靈活制定新戰(zhàn)略。世界糧食計(jì)劃署不僅提供食物和其他物資以滿足日常需求，還向其它機(jī)構(gòu)提供了后勤支持。
The World Bank has contributed millions of dollars to support strategic operations. Among other activities, UNICEF has undertaken massive social mobilization campaigns aimed at changing traditional behaviours. The vast majority of safe burials are undertaken by Red Cross and Red Crescent volunteers.
世界銀行為支持開展戰(zhàn)略性活動捐獻(xiàn)了大量資金。聯(lián)合國兒童基金會也開展了多項(xiàng)活動，并發(fā)起大規(guī)模社會動員運(yùn)動，以努力改變傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。紅十字會和紅新月會志愿人員承擔(dān)了絕大多數(shù)安全掩埋尸體活動。
Finally, the Ebola epidemic has created opportunities for these countries to rebuild and strengthen basic public health infrastructures and systems, including human resources, to detect and respond to outbreaks and other health challenges.
最后，埃博拉疫情為這些國家?guī)砹酥亟ê图訌?qiáng)包括人力資源在內(nèi)的公共衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和系統(tǒng)以發(fā)現(xiàn)和應(yīng)對疫情等衛(wèi)生挑戰(zhàn)的機(jī)會。
Resilient health systems are important to withstand the shocks that our 21st century world is delivering with ever-greater frequency and force. These can be shocks from a killer virus or shocks from a changing climate.
穩(wěn)健的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)很重要。有了穩(wěn)健的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)，才能頂住21世紀(jì)日益頻繁和日益強(qiáng)大的沖擊。這些沖擊可能來自病毒殺手，也可以源自氣候變化。
Ladies and gentlemen,
女士們，先生們：
Let me end on a positive note.
最后，我要講一下積極因素。
A year ago, the message about Ebola was grim. This is a deadly and dreaded disease with no vaccine, no treatment, and no cure.
一年前，埃博拉情況極為糟糕。這是一個致命的可怕疾病，沒有疫苗，沒有治療方案，沒有治愈辦法。
Thanks to the efforts of scientists and industry, this is no longer entirely true.
而今天，在科學(xué)家和業(yè)界的努力下，情況已有所改觀。
Efforts to fast-track research and development of Ebola vaccines are racing ahead. Clinical trials are under way and the results look promising.
正加緊努力迅速開展埃博拉疫苗研發(fā)工作。正在進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果看來很有希望。
WHO, working with experts and scientists from around the world, has prioritized a number of experimental therapies, including some potential cures, which are also undergoing clinical trials.
世衛(wèi)組織與世界各地專家和科學(xué)家合作，將重點(diǎn)放在一些試驗(yàn)性療法上，包括重點(diǎn)研究一些潛在的治療方法，并正進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)。
Most experts are convinced that this will not be Africa’s last large Ebola outbreak. At least 22 African countries have the ecological conditions, the wildlife species, and the hunting practices that favour a return of Ebola at some time in the future.
多數(shù)專家認(rèn)為，這不會是非洲最后一次大規(guī)模埃博拉疫情。至少有22個非洲國家的生態(tài)條件、野生動物和狩獵習(xí)俗可能會促成今后某個時(shí)候再度暴發(fā)埃博拉疫情。
In my view, our collective experiences to date will leave the world much better prepared to respond to such an event. This is especially true if more resources are devoted to getting basic public health infrastructures and resilient health systems, especially strong community health services, based on primary health care, in place.
我認(rèn)為，有了我們迄今積累的集體經(jīng)驗(yàn)，世界防范和應(yīng)對這類事件的能力已大幅增強(qiáng)。如果能為建立公共衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和穩(wěn)健的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)投入更多資源，特別是在初級衛(wèi)生保健基礎(chǔ)上提供良好的社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，應(yīng)對能力就會大不一樣。
Your moderator, Dr Paul Farmer, knows this well.
本次會議專題討論主持人Paul Farmer博士深知這一點(diǎn)。
Thank you.
謝謝大家。
