Section 1:英譯漢(50 分)
氣候變暖,原來壓在冰層下面的水自由流動,正侵蝕著北極圈附近沿岸的居民點。
畢考夫斯基村是一個有457 口人的村莊,地處俄羅斯東北部沿海 一個鰭形半島的頂端。那里的海岸正在崩潰,離房屋和取暖用油的油 罐越來越近,后撤的速度是每年18英尺,即5-6米。每年夏季,冰繼續融化,最后家園將會消失,整個畢考夫斯基村可能也將不復存在。
“幾乎到處是冰——永凍土——現在卻在融化?!鄙钤诒睒O圈 以北的400萬俄羅斯人在許多方面感受到氣候變曖的影響。氣候變化 帶來新的機遇,但同時也威脅著他們的環境,烕脅著他們家園的穩 定,對那些以冰雪荒原為其傳統之根基的人來說,也威脅著他們文化
的生存。
開發北方的步伐因北極海域的冰融化而加快。這對當地百姓來 說,既會帶來好處,也會帶來危險。巴倫支海和喀拉海大油田的發現 增加了人們對災難性事故的恐懼,因為不斷有滿載石油或液化氣的船 只穿過斯堪的納維亞半島沿海的漁場,駛往望眼欲穿的歐洲和北美市 場。隨著發電機、大煙囪和大型運輸工具不斷涌現,以支持能源工業 的發展,過去人跡罕見的地方可能會遭受空氣和水污染。
海岸的侵蝕在阿拉斯加也是一個問題,迫使美國準備將沿岸好幾 處因紐特人的村莊遷往他處,估計每遷一個村子要耗資一億美元。
在北極圈內,當地部落數百年來生活在嚴寒與冰雪之中,并形成 了自己的文化傳統。現在他們感受到氣候和野生動物的變化,試圖適 應這種狀況,但不知如何是好。
在挪威最北邊的芬馬克省,北極風光在冬末展現出來,是一望無 際的冰雪高原,一片寂靜,只能聽到馴鹿的叫聲,和偶爾傳來的放牧 人摩托雪橇的嗡嗡聲。
北極的變化在這里也能感受到,不過方式不同?!榜Z鹿變得不如 以前自在了,” 31歲的養鹿人伊薩特•艾伊拉說。
在保護環境和保存地方習俗方面,沒有幾個國家能與挪威相比。 挪威把大量的石油收入用于這一地區,使得薩米文化仿佛經歷了一場 文藝復興。
然而不論政府給以多大的幫助,也無法使艾伊拉相信他那與馴鹿 交織在一起的生活眼下不會發生變化。跟得克薩斯州的養牛人一樣, 他對他的牲畜數量保密。不過他說秋季和春季溫度升高,將表層積雪 融化,隨后又凍成冰,這使他的馴鹿隔著冰層難以吃到地衣。
艾伊拉說:“決策人都住在南邊,住在城市里。他們不注意天氣 的變化。只有在大自然里討生活的人才注意天氣的變化。”他是坐在 家里的火爐邊說這番話的,火爐里燒的是樺木。他的家是用馴鹿皮搭 成的,這種居所叫做“拉屋”。
Section 2:漢譯英(50 分)
China takes great pride in its varied cuisines, and food is an important element of the Chinese culture. There are eight principal cuisines, including the spicy Sichuan dishes and the light Cantonese cooking. Chinese restaurants are very popular in all parts of the world.
However, changing lifestyles in China have led to new eating habits at home and in restaurants. Cheese and tomato sauces are being brought into some traditional Chinese dishes. Urban consumers have taken readily to fast-food chains, such as McDonald's, KFC and Pizza Hut. Market research shows that Western-style fast-food consumption will continue to grow in China, at an annual rate of more than 45 percent in the coming few years, while Chinese fast-food outlets are projected to grow by 15 percent.
Rising incomes, combined with greater awareness of international foods and convenient supermarket, have led to the emergence of a new generation of consumers who are more willing to try packaged and canned food products. As more and more households own refrigerators,frozen food, from ready-made dumplings to French fries, are available in supermarkets. Organic products can also be found at stores in big cities, although they can be much more expensive than conventional products.
Owing to changed lifestyles, a growing number of Chinese are unwilling to go shopping for food every day, leading to an increased acceptance of packaged items. Rising car ownership and the emergence of new suburbs are additional factors in the growing popularity of supermarkets.
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