難句解析：
①The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
▲這是一個(gè)有定語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)雜句。首先要抓住的核心句為The American economic system is organized around a... economy，economy前面的定語(yǔ)在開始閱讀時(shí)可以不看。在economy后面是一個(gè)以in which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句in which consumers largely determine，而這個(gè)從句中又有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句what shall be produced。在定語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)by引導(dǎo)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明消費(fèi)者是如何決定應(yīng)生產(chǎn)何種產(chǎn)品，而這個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)中又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that they want most。
△通過分析結(jié)構(gòu)我們知道此句的所有意思都是圍繞核心句的表語(yǔ)economy展開的，因此在閱讀中應(yīng)分層次，逐層理解對(duì)這一核心詞的陳述，分清主次，全面理解。
②Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
▲首先要抓住句首的thus，看到這個(gè)詞，就應(yīng)想到此句是前面敘述引出的結(jié)論。再看句子結(jié)構(gòu)，跳過狀語(yǔ)in the American economic system，先抓住這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)It is... that，因此所強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是理解的重點(diǎn)，而它由三個(gè)平行成分組成，分別為the demand of individual consumers，the desire of businessmen to maximize profits和the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes，中間用coupled with和and連接。而在that后面的部分有兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句what shall be produced和how resources are used to produce it接在動(dòng)詞determine的后面。
△首先要抓住強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，并重點(diǎn)理解所強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容，其次要理解句中最后一個(gè)it所指代的對(duì)象是what shall be produced。
③An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.
▲此句的結(jié)構(gòu)與第一句類似，只是表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句更加復(fù)雜。
△此句在理解中的難點(diǎn)是定語(yǔ)從句by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers，為了方便理解，我們可以將此句and后的部分由被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句：by which consumer demands can be expressed and producers can respond to consumer demands，這樣就可以避免對(duì)responded to by producers的不理解。
④If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
▲這是一個(gè)有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從句，從句由if引導(dǎo)，主體結(jié)構(gòu)為... producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost...，其中producing more of a commodity是一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，而主句以this為主語(yǔ)，里面包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product。
△此句在理解中的難點(diǎn)是句中代詞的指代關(guān)系，其中第一個(gè)its所指的是commodity，而主句的主語(yǔ)this所指的是整個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。主句中的定語(yǔ)從句也并不是修飾某一個(gè)特定的詞，而是指整個(gè)主句表達(dá)to increase the supply offered by seller-producers。
⑤In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
▲此句的主句結(jié)構(gòu)為the concept embraces not only... but also...。主要的難點(diǎn)在其賓語(yǔ)部分，是一個(gè)not only... but also...連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，而后面有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual。
△此句的難點(diǎn)為如何理解復(fù)雜賓語(yǔ)，注意在開始的時(shí)候先應(yīng)抓主句，可以先不理會(huì)逗號(hào)后面的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)部分，然后再分析including后面的成分，同時(shí)要記住這一部分是修飾certain rights的。
來(lái)源:可可英語(yǔ) http://www.ccdyzl.cn/kaoyan/201408/317065.shtml