評(píng)論
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解析：
71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Science moves forward, they say, / not so much through the insights of great men of genius / as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.
第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：not so much through... as because of...與其……倒不如……
因?yàn)閚ot so much... as是個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是說(shuō)so和as后面應(yīng)該兩個(gè)詞的意思應(yīng)該相同，所以多義介詞through的意思應(yīng)該等于because of因?yàn)椋捎凇?br />第三、詞的處理：
the insights of great men of genius是后面帶定語(yǔ)的名詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，后置定語(yǔ)的順序應(yīng)該在漢語(yǔ)翻譯中應(yīng)該倒過(guò)來(lái)，即從后往前翻譯為：天才偉人的真知灼見(jiàn)。
more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool這是結(jié)構(gòu)是介詞like短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾中心詞more ordinary things，也是先翻譯定語(yǔ)，再翻譯中心詞：像改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。
they say插入語(yǔ)，按照漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，翻譯時(shí)放在句首。
完整的譯文：
他們說(shuō)，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說(shuō)源于天才偉人的真知灼見(jiàn)，不如說(shuō)源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。
72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, / was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments / that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.
第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：
1)系表結(jié)構(gòu)：the scientific revolution... was largely...
2) that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments
第三、詞的處理：
In short 簡(jiǎn)而言之
the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments (詞性轉(zhuǎn)換)一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用
expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction 直譯：在難以計(jì)數(shù)的方向擴(kuò)大了科學(xué)的范圍
完整的譯文：
新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說(shuō)：簡(jiǎn)而言之，我們所謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，而這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展無(wú)所不及。
73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation / have largely been ignored / by historians and philosophers of science.
第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句：tools and technology...have largely been ignored by ...主語(yǔ)部分有一個(gè)themselves反身代詞
as a source of fundamental innovation介詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)
第三、詞的處理：
Over the years 多年來(lái)
philosophers of science 科學(xué)思想家們
完整的譯文：
工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來(lái)在很大程度上被歷史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。
74) Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Galileo's greatest glory was / that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens / to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.
第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：
1)系表結(jié)構(gòu)Galileo's greatest glory was that...
2)不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)the first person to turn...
3)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)從句作目的狀語(yǔ)to prove that...
第三、詞的處理：
turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens (介詞on譯成動(dòng)詞)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空
rather than 而不是
完整的譯文：
伽利略的最光輝業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谟谒?609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空，以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)的。
75) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa / often depends on the issue / of which is seen as the driving force.
第二、句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：
1)表示選擇意思的從句Whether the Government ...or ...究竟是……還是……作句子的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是depends on the issue
2)of which是賓語(yǔ)the issue的定語(yǔ)從句。
第三、詞的處理：
increase the financing of pure science 增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入
at the expense of technology 減少對(duì)技術(shù)經(jīng)費(fèi)的投入
the driving force 動(dòng)力，驅(qū)動(dòng)力量
