n. 產(chǎn)品,農(nóng)作物
vt. 生產(chǎn),提出,引起,
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解析:
(61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
主句The Greeks // assumed // 賓語從句that 從句的主句the structure of / language // had some connection with // the process of / thought, // 定語從句which // took root in Europe // 時間狀語從句long before // people // realized // 賓語從句how diverse // languages // could be.
詞義推敲:
The Greeks:希臘人
assume:認為,假設(shè),假定,承擔
have connection with:與……有關(guān)系
the process of thought思想的過程;思維過程
which:指代前面整句,譯作“這個觀點”。
took rootin生根;扎根
long before 早在…之前
how diverse 多么的不同;多么的千差萬別
diverse:多種多樣的,不同的
參考譯文:
希臘人(認為/以為),語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維的過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。(這種想法/這一觀點),(早在人們意識到語言會有多么千差萬別之前在歐洲就已經(jīng)根深蒂固了/在人們尚未認識到語言的千差萬別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根)。
得分重點:
賓語從句,定語從句,時間狀語從句
(62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
主句We // are obliged to // them // 原因狀語從句 because // some of / these languages // have since vanished, // 原因狀語從句as // the peoples // 定語從句who // spoke // them // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 died out / or 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 被動結(jié)構(gòu)became assimilated // and lost // their native languages.
詞義推敲:
be obliged to sb. 感激某人
them:指代“Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers”,譯作“兩位先驅(qū)”或者“他們”。
have since vanished從那以后就消失了,不復(fù)存在了
since 表示 “從此以后”之意
vanish:disappear消失
die out 滅絕
assimilate:吸收,同化
native languages 母語,本民族的語言
參考譯文:
我們之所以(感激/感謝)他們(兩位先驅(qū)),是因為從此以后,這些(土著)語言中(的一部分/有一些)(消失/已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在)了,因為講這些語言的人要么滅絕了,要么被同化了,因而喪失了(自己/本族)的語言。
得分重點:
原因狀語從句,定語從句,并列結(jié)構(gòu),被動結(jié)構(gòu)
(63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
主句The 前置定語newly described languages // were // 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)often // so strikingly different from // 多重定語the well studied languages / of Europe and Southeast Asia // 結(jié)果狀語從句that some scholars // even accused Boas and Sapir of // fabricating // their data.
詞義推敲:
newly described langauges 新描述、研究的語言
so ... that … 如此…以至于
strikingly different顯著的不同
striking:顯著的,突出的
the well studied languages經(jīng)過充分研究的各種語言
accused sb. of sth. 指責/譴責某人作了某事
Boas and Sapir:(人類學語言學家)博厄斯和薩培爾,譯作“博厄斯(Boas)和薩培爾(Sapir)”。
fabricating捏造, 偽造, 虛構(gòu)
參考譯文:
這些新近被描述的各種語言與(經(jīng)過/得到)充分研究的歐洲和東南亞的語言(是如此的顯著的不同/往往差別顯著/驚人的差異/很大的不同),以至于一些學者甚至指責(博厄斯/Boas)和(薩培爾/Sapir)(編造/制造/捏造)了(他們的)資料。
得分重點:
結(jié)果狀語從句,固定短語
(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
原因狀語Being interested in / the relationship of / language and thought, // 主句Whorf // developed // the idea // 同位語從句that the structure of language // determines // the structure of habitual thought // in a society.
詞義推敲:
being interested in …應(yīng)增加邏輯主語——Whorf,我們可以翻譯為“Whorf對語思維的關(guān)系很感興趣”
Whorf:人名,譯作“沃爾夫”,或者不譯。
develop與idea搭配,不宜譯作“發(fā)展”,而譯為“形成觀點”
habitual thought 應(yīng)譯作 “習慣思維”
that:引導(dǎo)同位語從句可以譯作“即”,“那就是”,或者用冒號、破折號代替。
the structure of habitual thought:習慣思維結(jié)構(gòu)、模式
參考譯文:
Whorf對語言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣,他逐漸形成了這樣一種(觀念/觀點):在一個社會里,語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定了習慣思維結(jié)構(gòu)。
得分重點:
同位語從句,現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:
主句Whorf // came to / believe in // a sort of / linguistic determinism // 定語從句 從句的主語which, // 插入結(jié)構(gòu)in // its strongest form, // 謂語states // 賓語從句 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 that language // imprisons // the mind, // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 and that the grammatical patterns / in a language // can produce // far-reaching consequences for / the culture of / a society.
詞義推敲:
come to believe開始相信
come to:開始做,碰巧做
a sort of:一種,某種
linguistic determinism語言決定論
linguistic:語言的,語言學的
determinism:…論,…主義
in its strongest form在其最強烈的形式下,其極端形式
imprison the mind禁錮思維
參考譯文:
Whorf/沃爾夫(逐漸接受/進而相信)某種(類似)語言決定論的觀點;這種觀點的極端說法是:語言禁錮了思維,語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)能對一個社會的文化產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。
得分重點:
定語從句,賓語從句,插入結(jié)構(gòu),并列結(jié)構(gòu)
重點單詞 | 查看全部解釋 | |||
produce | [prə'dju:s] |
想一想再看 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
linguistic | [liŋ'gwistik] |
想一想再看 adj. 語言的,語言學的 |
||
military | ['militəri] |
想一想再看 adj. 軍事的 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
exotic | [eg'zɔtik] |
想一想再看 adj. 異國的,外來的,奇異的,脫衣舞的 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
grammatical | [grə'mætikəl] |
想一想再看 adj. 語法的,合乎文法的 |
||
assimilate | [ə'simileit] |
想一想再看 v. 使同化,吸收 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
spoke | [spəuk] |
想一想再看 v. 說,說話,演說 |
||
assumed | [ə'sju:md] |
想一想再看 adj. 假裝的;假定的 |
||
hypothesis | [hai'pɔθisis] |
想一想再看 n. 假設(shè),猜測,前提 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
certain | ['sə:tn] |
想一想再看 adj. 確定的,必然的,特定的 |

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