評論
打印
adj. 適當的，相稱的
vt. 撥出(款項)
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解析：
(46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底) way about moral problems.
結構分析：
主句I shall define him as an individual 定語從句//who has elected 賓語補足語//as his primary duty and pleasure in life 賓語//the activity of thinking in Socratic（蘇格拉底）way about moral problems.
詞義推敲：
define …as… 把…定義為…
elected… as… 選擇…作為…
his primary duty and pleasure in life 生命中主要的責任和樂趣
n Socratic（蘇格拉底）way 用蘇格拉底的方式
moral problems 道德問題
參考譯文：
1、我把知識分子定義為這樣的個體：他用蘇格拉底的方式思考道德問題，并以此作為其生命中的主要職責與樂趣。
2、我把知識分子定義為這樣的個體，他把用蘇格拉底的方式思考道德問題作為自己的主要責任與樂趣。
得分重點：
固定短語，賓語從句，賓語后置
(47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
結構分析：
主句//His function is analogous to that of a judge，定語從句//who must accept the obligation of revealing方式狀語// in as obvious a matter as possible //the course of reasoning 定語從句//which led him to his decision.
詞義推敲：
Analogous 類似的, 相似的, 可比擬的
be analogous to 類似于..., 與...相似
accept the obligation：接受這個義務，就是有義務。
Reveal 展現, 顯示, 揭示, 暴露
in as obvious a manner as possible=in a obvious manner. As …as possible
lead …to… 把…引向…
參考譯文：
知識分子的作用類似于法官的作用，后者必須承擔起這樣的責任：用盡可能明顯的方式來揭示讓他做出決定的推理過程。
得分重點：
固定短語，定語從句，方式狀語
(48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
結構分析：
主句I have excluded him // 原因狀語從句//because，讓步狀語從句//while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems， 轉折//he has not been charged with the task //of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
詞義推敲：
exclude 拒絕接納, 把...排除在外, 排斥
contribute to 有助于
the solution of moral problems 道德問題的解決，解決道德問題
been charged with 承擔、負責
not any but =nothing but=only 只，僅僅是
the factual aspects of those problems 那些問題的事實方面/層面
參考譯文：
我之所以把普通科學家排除在外，是因為雖然他的成就有助于解決道德問題，但是他只是觸及了這些問題的事實方面。
得分重點：
原因狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，固定短語
（49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
結構分析：
主句//But his primary task is not to think about the moral code 定語從句//which governs his activity，比較結構// any more than //a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration |of rules of conduct in business.
詞義推敲：
moral code譯為：道德準則/道德標準
dedicate to表示致力于
exploration是開發探索之意，翻譯時需要做一點調整
an exploration |of rules of conduct in business 多重后置定語——后浪推前浪，我們翻譯為：對于商業行為規則的探索。
參考譯文：
但是普通科學家的主要任務并非是思考約束其行為的道德準則，這正如人們不期望商人致力于探究商業行為規范。
得分重點：
固定短語，定語從句，比較結構，多重后置定語
(50) They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries ,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
結構分析：
主句They may teach very well，比較結構// and more than earn their salaries，轉折關系//but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems定語從句 //which involve moral judgment.
詞義推敲：
more than more than 后面跟名詞和動詞，我們翻譯為不僅僅/不只是
make reflections on 對…進行反思/思考
little or no 很少或是沒有
moral judgment 道德評判/判斷
參考譯文
教師可能擅長教書，而且不僅僅為了賺錢，但是大部分教師對涉及人類道德判斷的問題很少或沒有進行獨立的思考。
得分重點：
比較結構，固定短語，定語從句
| 重點單詞 | 查看全部解釋 | |||
| appropriate | [ə'prəupriət] |
想一想再看 |
聯想記憶 | |
| solution | [sə'lu:ʃən] |
想一想再看 n. 解答，解決辦法，溶解，溶液 |
聯想記憶 | |
| performance | [pə'fɔ:məns] |
想一想再看 n. 表演，表現; 履行，實行 |
聯想記憶 | |
| intellectual | [.intil'ektʃuəl] |
想一想再看 n. 知識份子，憑理智做事者 |
聯想記憶 | |
| reasoning | ['ri:zniŋ] |
想一想再看 n. 推論，推理，論證 |
聯想記憶 | |
| evidence | ['evidəns] |
想一想再看 n. 根據，證據 |
聯想記憶 | |
| reveal | [ri'vi:l] |
想一想再看 vt. 顯示，透露 |
||
| definition | [.defi'niʃən] |
想一想再看 n. 定義，闡釋，清晰度 |
聯想記憶 | |
| analogous | [ə'næləgəs] |
想一想再看 adj. 類似的 |
||
| dedicate | ['dedikeit] |
想一想再看 vt. 獻出，提獻辭，致力于 |
聯想記憶 |
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