例三.指稱(劍橋5/Test1/Reading Passage2)

　　One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as anadvantageoustrait, having been ofsurvival valueto our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves.

　　Q24. Some people may believe that the teacher-subjects'behavior. could be explained as apositivesurvival mechanism.

　　這是一道對錯無判斷題，以題干中的positive和survival mechanism作為定位詞，分別對應原文的“this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value”這一句中的advantageous和survival value，因此可以判定題干的核心意思和原文的對應信息是同義轉述。但是我們還需要確定題干中的teacher-subjects’ behavior和原文的對比信息this aggressive instinct在語義上是否對等。而要確定這一點，就必須要理解在原文中“this aggressive instinct”正是借助指稱的銜接手段指代上文中的關于“teacher-subjects'behavior”的具體描述，即：“teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock”。據此才可以判定題干的意思與原文完全一致，答案應為TRUE。

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