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A person's genetic makeup can influence drug metabolism. So, members of a family may be sensitive to the same medicine.
一個人的基因組成會影響其機體的藥物代謝。因此，親人之間可能對同一種藥物有敏感反應。
Physiological factors include sex, age, body weight, nutritional status and disease states.
性別、年齡、體重、營養狀況、和病情，
They all have an effect on drug actions.
都會對藥效有一定的影響。
Hormonal differences between men and women influence drug metabolism.
男女之間荷爾蒙的差異會造成藥物代謝的不同。
Children need lower drug doses than adults.
兒童的用藥劑量應該小于成人。
Aging process brings about some changes.
老化過程也會造成藥物代謝變化。
They alter the influence of drugs.
這些都會影響藥效。
The happier a person is, the higher drug dose he needs.
一個人越興奮，他需要的藥物劑量越大。
Proper drug metabolism depends on good nutrition.
良好的藥物代謝需要以良好的營養狀況為前提。
If diseases harm the function of organs responsible for normal pharmacokinetics, they also weaken drug action.
如果疾病造成負責藥物動力學功能的器官受損，那么這也會影響到藥效。
Environmental conditions may influence drug actions. For example, patients taking vasodilators need lower drug dosages in warm weather.
環境因素也會影響藥效。比如服用血管舒張藥藥物的患者在溫暖氣候時服藥劑量小。
In addition, if a person is alone or isolated, he may need more pain killers than if he is in a room with other patients.
另外，一個服用止痛藥的病人一個人時比和其他病人住一間病房時的服藥劑量大。
Psychological factors also affect drug actions. If a patient understands the need for a drug, and if the nurse's behavior is encouraging, the drug's effect will be improved.
心理因素同樣會影響藥效。病人自己對藥物需求了解和護士的鼓勵都會增強藥效。
