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The majority of bones in the human body are long bones.
身體大多數骨骼為長骨。
These bones have similar structure with a central shaft or diaphysis that widens at each end, which is called an epiphysis.
且結構類似，都擁有骨干或中軸，各端點寬大，我們稱之為骨端。
Most bones are covered with a thin connective tissue membrane called the periosteum, which contains numerous blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.
大多數骨頭上覆蓋著薄薄一層叫做骨膜的結締組織膜其中包含許多血管、神經和淋巴管。
The dense and hard exterior surface bone is called compact bone.
外層質地致密，且十分堅硬，我們稱之為骨密質。
Cancellous or spongy bone is found inside the bone.
內部為大量骨松質。
As its name indicates, spongy bone has spaces in it, giving it a sponge-like appearance.
名如其物，骨松質含有網眼，形狀似如海綿。
These spaces contain red bone marrow.
網眼中含有大量紅骨髓。
Red bone marrow manufactures most of the blood cells and is found in some parts of all bones.
多數血細胞由紅骨髓產生，紅骨髓布滿全身所有骨骼。
The center of the diaphysis is a single open space called the medullary cavity.
骨干中央有一處單一開闊地帶，我們稱之為骨髓腔。
This cavity contains yellow bone marrow, which is mainly fat cells.
骨髓腔含有大量黃骨髓，主要為脂肪細胞。
PROCESSES AND DEPRESSIONS IN BONES
骨骼的凸起和下沉
Bones have many projections and depressions.
骨骼有許多凸出和下沉。
Some are rounded and smooth in order to articulate with another bone in a joint.
為形成關節，許多骨骼為圓形，且圓潤光滑。
Others are rough to provide muscles with attachment points.
為肌肉提供附著點，有些干枯粗糙。
Generally, the term process is used when discussing bony projections.
通常而言，我們會在談論骨骼凸起時用到專有名詞“process”。
In addition, bones have hollow regions or depressions.
此外，骨骼還有中控區域和下沉。
JOINTS
關節
Joints are formed when two or more bones meet.
兩根或以上骨骼匯合處為關節。
This is also referred to as an articulation.
我們也稱之為連接。
There are three types of joints based on the amount of movement allowed between the two bones.
以兩塊骨骼活動為基準，關節可分為三類。
The types are synovial joints, cartilaginous joints, and fibrous joints.
分別是滑液關節、軟骨性關節以及纖維關節。
Most joints are freely moving synovial membrane.
多數關節為可自由活動的滑液關節。
These joints are enclosed by an elastic joint capsule and contain a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid secreted by the synovial membrane.
外面附著著伸縮性關節滑囊，它含有一種滑膜分泌的潤滑液，我們稱之為滑液。
The ends of bones in a synovial joint are covered by a layer of articular cartilage.
滑液關節末端被一層關節軟骨包圍。
Cartilage is very tough, but still flexible.
軟骨雖然僵硬，但伸縮性好。
It withstands high levels of stress to act as a shock absorber for the joint and prevents bone from rubbing against bone.
它可承受高強度壓力，為關節起到減震作用，防止骨骼間相互磨損。
譯文屬可可英語原創，未經允許，不得轉載。
