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3.4 Trial
3.4 審理
Most civil cases brought in American courts, federal or state, do not go to trial.
在美國法院，無論是聯邦法院或是州法院，大多數民事案件不會正式開庭審理，
The vast majority of cases are settled out of court or may be disposed of by a pretrial motion.
一般都在庭外解決或經審前動議而撤銷。
For those cases which do proceed to a trial on the merits, they may either be conducted before a jury of 6-12 individuals, or before a single judge.
如果有些案件需依法定程序開庭審理，該案件可以由6-12人組成的陪審團審理，也可以由法官單獨審理。
3.5 Appeal
3.5 上訴
A final order is formed when the issues of a particular case is finally determined.
當法院最終對案件的爭議問題做出裁決時，即形成最后命令。
Appeals may be taken from final orders of either state trial courts or federal district courts.
州初審法院和聯邦地區法院的最后命令均可以被上訴。
In some instances, appeals may be taken from non-final or interlocutory order.
在許多情況下，也可以就非最終命令或中間命令提起上訴。
