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The first underground in the world
世界上第一列地鐵
Welcome to the London Underground, or as it is usually known, The Tube.
歡迎來到倫敦地鐵，或被普遍認知的The Tube。
It has the distinction of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world.
它因是世界上最古老和最復雜的地鐵而著名。
Rail services to London were first developed during the first half of the 19th century.
倫敦的火車服務最早開發于19世紀上半葉。
However, most trains to London only went to the outer city limits, because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged to many old buildings.
然而，大多數去倫敦的火車只去城市邊緣地帶，因為在市內鋪設地鐵會損壞許多有舊建筑物。
Horse-drawn buses, trams, cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.
馬車，有軌電車，出租汽車和客車常用于城市中心周邊的乘客運輸。
Unfortunately, the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams, and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere.
不幸地，道路上增加的車輛使交通阻塞，公路非常擁擠，大家哪也去不了。
This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system.
交通的這些問題引領了地鐵系統的發展。
In 1854, the British goverment gave approval to the construction by the Metropolitan Railway Company of an underground railway in the centre of London, between Paddington and Farringdon,
1854年，英國政府允許一家名為首都地鐵公司在倫敦中心，Paddington和Farringdon之間，
via King's Cross, st Pancras and Euston.
經由King's Cross，st Pancras和Euston建設一條地下鐵路。
However, new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money, so the digging was postponed until 1860.
但是，新的火車需要發展，并且這個計劃需要增加大量的金錢，所以挖掘工作延期到了1860年。
The intitial tunnels were opened in 1863 and were beneath the surface off the ground.
第一條隧道于1863年開放，而且它就僅僅在地表面之下。
Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which were pulled through the narrow tunnels by steam engines.
運輸乘客的客車沒有窗子，這客車依靠蒸氣機的動力在狹窄的隧道里穿梭。
In 1868, the next section of the underground system was opened in the south of London by another company called the Metropolitan District Railway.
1868年，首都地方鐵路在倫敦南部開放了地鐵的下一段。
Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided the underground service in the middle of the city.
16年后，在1884年，首都鐵路公司和首都地方鐵路聯手，在市中心開辟地鐵服務。
This later became the Circle Line.
這成了之后的環線。
Because of the smoke from the steam engines, early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals,
由于蒸汽引擎冒出的煙，早起的地鐵線需要洞周期性的有洞通向地面，
so that people could get fresh air and would not choke.
以便人們能呼吸道新鮮空氣而不會被嗆著。
