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Two life-saving medicines
兩種拯救生命的藥品
This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine.
這篇文章會集中討論引起醫學界革命的兩種藥。
If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
只要你打開世界上任何一個藥柜或前往任何一個醫藥柜臺，你可能就會發現阿司匹林和青霉素。
Both of these medicines have saved millions of people's lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.
這兩種藥被發明后拯救了數百萬人的性命，而且證明了它們對人類的益處。
Aspirin
阿司匹林
Aspirin was invented in 1897.
阿司匹林發明于1897年。
However, the basic chemical used to make aspirin can be found in nature.
但是，用來制作阿司匹林的基礎物質在自然界能夠找到。
Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.
約3500年以前，人們咀嚼樹葉或喝由樹葉制成的茶來獲取一種特殊的物質，以減輕身體的疼痛及發熱。
About 2,500 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid for the same effect.
大約2500年前，希臘醫師希波克拉底，也就是醫藥之父，用一種含有水楊酸的樹的樹皮做成一種汁液以起到相同的效果。
It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.
1897年歐洲化學家費利克斯·霍夫曼博士將這種化學藥品制成了阿司匹林。
The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899, when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients.
1899年，該藥物開始首次試用，當時是由霍夫曼所在的公司將此藥物做成粉末狀，交給醫生對病人進行試用。
A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets.
一年后的1900年，阿司匹林以藥片的形式在商店里銷售。
Within a short time, aspirin became the best-selling medicine in the world for pain relief.
在短期內，阿司匹林就成為了當時世界上減輕痛苦的熱賣藥品。
