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John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”JOHH
約翰·斯諾擊敗“霍亂王”
John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫生——他的確醫術精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女皇的私人醫生。
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但當他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，他就感到很振奮。
This was the deadly disease of its day.
霍亂在當時是最致命的疾病。
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次暴發霍亂時，就有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。
John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.
約翰·斯諾想面對這個挑戰，解決這個問題。
He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無法控制的。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
斯諾對霍亂致人死地的兩種推測都很感興趣。
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.
一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中腐殖著，。
A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.
像一股危險的氣流到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二種看法是在吃飯的時候人們把這種病毒引入體內的。
From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
病從胃里發作而迅速殃及全身，患者就會很快地死去。
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
斯諾推測第二種說法是正確的，但是他需要證據。
So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.
因此，在1854年倫敦再次暴發霍亂的時候，約翰·斯諾著手準備對此調研。
As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information.
當霍亂在貧民區迅速蔓延的時候，約翰·斯諾就開始收集資料。
In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他發現特別在兩條街道上霍亂流行的很嚴重，在10天之內就死去了500多人。
He was determined to find out why.
他決心要查明其原因。
