三、巧用語境法搞定不定代詞either, neither和none
either, neither, none的意思分別是“兩者當(dāng)中任意一個(gè)”“兩者當(dāng)中任意一個(gè)都不”“所有的都不”。針對(duì)這幾個(gè)不定式設(shè)置的考題往往需要根據(jù)語境來分析。請(qǐng)看兩道高考題:
1. — Which driver was to blame?
— Why, _______! It was the child's fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars. (北京卷)
A. both B. each C. either D. neither
答案選D。此題的語境是:“哪個(gè)司機(jī)該負(fù)責(zé)任?”“_________!這很顯然是這個(gè)小孩的錯(cuò)……”既然是小孩的錯(cuò),那就不是司機(jī)的錯(cuò),所以司機(jī)就不該負(fù)責(zé)任,所以答案要選neither。
2. Of all the books on the desk, _______ is of any use for our study. (四川卷)
A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none
答案選D。根據(jù)前面的all the books可知,這里所涉及的書不是一本或兩本,而是多本,所以不能選neither。另外,由于no one主要用于指人,也不宜選,而nothing表示“什么都不”,也不合語境,故只有選none,它在此表示“沒有一本”。
3. You may drop in or just give me a call. ______ will do. (安徽卷)
A. Either B. Each C. Neither D. All
答案選A。此題的語境是:你可以過來一下,也可以給我打個(gè)電話。_______都行。既然“人過來一下”與“給我打電話”這兩種選擇你可以隨便選一種,后面當(dāng)然應(yīng)填either,這樣意思才連貫。
四、巧用語境法搞定不定代詞any, both和all
any, both, all的意思分別是“三者或多者當(dāng)中的任意一個(gè)”“兩者都”“所有的都”。針對(duì)這幾個(gè)不定式設(shè)置的考題也往往需要根據(jù)語境來分析。請(qǐng)看兩道高考題:
1. If you can't decide which of the two books to borrow, why don't you take ______? I won't read them this week. (浙江卷)
A. all B. any C. either D. both
答案選D。句子語境為:如果你不能決定該選這兩本書中的哪一本,那你為什么不把_______都拿走呢?反正這個(gè)星期這兩個(gè)本書我都不看。根據(jù)這句意,答案顯然應(yīng)選both。
2. I had to buy _____these books because I didn't know which one was the best. (上海)
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
答案選D。根據(jù)后文“我不知道哪一本最好”可知至少有三本(因?yàn)橹辽僖腥叻娇捎米罡呒?jí)),據(jù)此可排除表示兩者的A和C。在B和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,B不符合語法,因?yàn)閚one后不能直接跟these books,如要這樣說,可改用none of these books。