四、根據從句動作的規律性來區分
若暗示一種規律性,表示“每當……的時候”,英語一般要用when。如:
It's cold when it snows.下雪時天冷。
He smiles when you praise him.你夸獎他時他總是笑笑。
五、根據主從句動作的先后順序來區分
若主句與從句所表示的動作不是同時發生,而是有先后順序時,一般要用when。如:
When he arrives he'll tell us all about the match.等他到了,他會好好給我們講講那場比賽的情況。
When she had finished she waited as though for a reply.她講完之后等了等,仿佛是在等候回答似的。
六、根據是否具有“趁機”意味來區分
1. 若從句所表示的“當……的時候”具有“趁機”的意味,則通常用while。如:
Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。
I tried to slip the note to him while the teacher wasn't looking.我想趁老師不注意時把條子偷偷遞給他。
有時也用when。如:
He stole the money when no one was by.他趁旁邊無人時把錢偷走了。
The boy looks at her repeatedly when she's not looking.那男孩趁她沒看他的時候不斷地盯著她看。
七、根據是否用作并列連詞來區分
when可用作并列連詞,表示“這時(突然)”;while也可以用作并列連詞,表示“而”“卻”(表示對比);但as則沒有類似用法。如:
I was just about to go to bed when I heard a knock on the door.我正要睡覺,聽見有人敲門。
One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains.一個人會喜歡在海濱度假,而另一個人會喜歡在山里度假。
八、根據所引出的省略句來區分
1. as和when之后均可直接跟一個名詞,構成省略句;但是while一般不這樣用。如:
As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan.他小時候在日本。
As [When] still a student, he wrote a novel.當他還是個學生的時候,他就寫了一本小說。
2. when和while之后可接現在分詞、介詞短語、形容詞等構成省略句,但as一般不這樣用。如:
When [While] reading, he fell asleep.他看書時睡著了。
When [While] in trouble, ask her for help.遇到麻煩的時候你就去找她幫忙。
You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old.你趁年輕時必須努力學習,不然到老了你會后悔的。