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Coffee Culture
咖啡文化
Coffee has a history dating back to at least the 9th century. First discovered in Ethiopia, coffee beans were brought into the Middle East by Arabian businessmen in the 15th century. Then they were spread into Egypt, Turkey, and North Africa. Islamic merchants then brought the beans to the thriving port city of Venice, where they sold them to wealthy Italian buyers. Soon, the Dutch began importing and growing coffee in places like Java and Ceylon (largely through cheap slave labor). The East India Company helped popularize coffee in England. And it gradually spread across Europe and even reached America.
咖啡的歷史至少可以追溯到9世紀。咖啡豆最早在埃塞俄比亞發現，于15世紀被阿拉伯商人帶入中東。然后它們被帶到埃及、土耳其和北非。接著穆斯林商人把咖啡豆帶到了繁華的港口城市威尼斯，將其賣給富有的意大利買主。不久，荷蘭人開始在爪哇島和錫蘭等地進口和種植咖啡，這一工作主要是由廉價奴隸勞工來完成。東印度公司在英國推廣了咖啡。它逐漸遍及歐洲各地，甚至到達了美國。
Where there has been coffee, there has been the coffee house. From the 15th-century Middle Eastern establishments where men gathered to listen to music, play chess, and hear people reading from works of literature, to the coffee houses of the 18th-century Paris where famous French writers such as Voltaire and Rousseau came to enjoy a hot cup of coffee, coffee houses have traditionally served as centers of social interaction—places where people can come to relax, chat, and exchange ideas.
哪里有咖啡，哪里就有咖啡館。從供人們聚集在一起聽音樂、下棋、聽別人朗讀文學作品的15世紀的中東人創立的場所，到像伏爾泰、盧梭這樣的法國著名作家來品嘗熱咖啡的18世紀的巴黎咖啡館，咖啡館自古以來就是供人們放松、聊天、交流思想的社交中心。
