But it is important here to insist on the distinction between ideals and ideology. Ideals refer to the long-run goals of a nation and the spirit in which als are pursued. Ideology is something different, more systematic, iled, more comprehensive, more dogmatic. The case of one of the Fathers, Thomas Jefferson emphasizes the distinction. Jefferson was an expounder both of ideals and of ideology. As an expounder of ideals, he remains a vivid and fertile figure-alive, not only for Americans but, I believe, for all those interested in human dignity and human liberty. As ideologist, however, Jefferson is today remote-a figure not of present concern but of historical curiosity. As an ideologist, he believed, for example, the agriculture was the only basis of a good society; that the small freehold as the only foundation for freedom; that the honest and virtuous or was the only reliable citizen for a democratic state; that an based on agriculture was self-regulating and, therefore, required a minimum of government; that that government was best which governed least; and that the great enemies of a free state were, on the one hand, urbanizattion, industry, banking, landless working class, and all the other things which we know as characteristic of the modernization process, and, on the other, a strong national government with power to give direction o national development. This was Jefferson's ideology, and had the United States responded to it, we would be today a feeble and impotent nation. By responding to Jefferson's ideals rather than to his ideology, the United States has become a strong modern state.