評(píng)論
打印
Economic Growth Is a Path to Perdition, Not Prosperity
經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是通向毀滅，而非通向繁榮之路
Wayne Ellwood
韋恩•埃爾伍德
Charles Darwin was a rigorous, meticulous scientist. He spent nearly 20 years honing his analysis and polishing his prose before publishing his groundbreaking work, On the Origin of Species, in November 1859.
查爾斯•達(dá)爾文是一位治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)家。他在1859年II月發(fā)表了開創(chuàng)性的巨著《物種起源》。在發(fā)表該書之前，他花了將近20年時(shí)間對(duì)他的分析進(jìn)行推敲改進(jìn)，并對(duì)文字進(jìn)行反復(fù)潤(rùn)色。
Darwin's slim volume was what we would call a "game changer," a revolutionary work that fundamentally altered the way human beings see themselves and the natural world. Today most of us are familiar with his theory of "natural selection"—the foundation of modern evolutionary biology. But 150 years ago, Darwin was sailing into choppy waters. The Church of England had set rigid boundaries, and his thesis was clearly a challenge to the orthodox view that humans were a separate, unique part of God's creation and that all life was divinely created and unchangeable.
達(dá)爾文這本薄薄的書是我們稱之為“改變游戲規(guī)則的東西”，一部從根本上改變了人類看待自己和自然界的方式的革命性著作。今天，我們大多數(shù)人都熟悉他的“自然選擇”理論——現(xiàn)代進(jìn)化生物學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。但是在150年以前，達(dá)爾文可謂是駛?cè)肓瞬龥坝康乃颉Ｓ?guó)國(guó)教早已制定了嚴(yán)格的條條框框，而他的論點(diǎn)明顯是對(duì)正統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)的挑戰(zhàn)——教會(huì)的正統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為人類是由上帝創(chuàng)造的，獨(dú)立于其他生物并且是獨(dú)一無二的；同時(shí)，所有生命都是上帝創(chuàng)造的，是神圣而且不可改變的。
The establishment of the time mocked him. There was intense public debate. But Darwin was unflinching. Today his core idea that all animals and plants evolve and adapt through natural selection is the bedrock of modern life sciences. He opened the door to a new world—a door which religious fundamentalists and "intelligent design" proponents are still trying to close.
當(dāng)時(shí)的當(dāng)權(quán)者都嘲笑他。他的觀點(diǎn)曾在公眾中引發(fā)激烈的討論。但是，達(dá)爾文絲毫沒有畏懼。如今,他的核心觀點(diǎn)——所有動(dòng)物和植物都是在自然選擇過程中進(jìn)化并不斷適應(yīng)自然——已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代生命科學(xué)的奠基石。他打開了通往一個(gè)新世界的大門——一扇宗教界的原教旨主義者和“智慧設(shè)計(jì)論”的倡導(dǎo)者們現(xiàn)在仍然試圖關(guān)上的大門。
