評論
打印
Recording Two
錄音2
Now, believe it or not. People sometimes lie in order to maintain a good honest reputation, -- even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.
信不信由你。人們有時為了維持良好的誠實聲譽而撒謊，即使這樣做會傷害他們自己。至少這是一組科學(xué)家的建議，他們還提供證據(jù)證明這一點。
Picture this scenario: you often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you'd claim in your expense report?
想象一下這樣的情景：你經(jīng)常開車上班，每月可以得到最高400英里的補償。你公司的大多數(shù)人每月開車大約300英里。但這個月你開了400英里。你認(rèn)為在你的費用報告中你要報銷多少英里？
The scientist asked this exact question as part of the study we're discussing today. With surprising results, they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about their number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed.
作為我們今天討論的研究的一部分，科學(xué)家提出了這個確切的問題。結(jié)果令人驚訝，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)12%的被調(diào)查者報告的開車距離比實際數(shù)字要短，平均答案是384英里。換句話說，他們謊報了自己的里程數(shù)，即使他們會喪失本應(yīng)得到的錢。
The researchers believe this was to seem honest with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim. But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they'll be judged by others. If they care enough, they're concerned about appearing honest and not losing the respect of others- maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest.
研究人員認(rèn)為，這似乎是誠實的假設(shè)，即其他人會懷疑高額報銷。但為什么人們會捏造數(shù)字，損害自己的利益呢？研究人員解釋說，許多人非常關(guān)心自己的聲譽以及別人如何評價他們。如果他們足夠在意的話，他們關(guān)心的是要表現(xiàn)出誠實，不要失去別人的尊重——也許相比自己真正誠實的意愿更強烈。
The researchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they anticipate other people's suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.
研究人員斷言，研究結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)人們獲得非常有利的結(jié)果時，他們預(yù)料別人會覺得可疑，因此他們更喜歡撒謊且表現(xiàn)出誠實，而不是說實話且表現(xiàn)得自私。
So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agreed there are two main types of lie, selfish liars and liars that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company, while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others. For example, telling a friend whose outfit you don't like that they look great.
為什么這項研究很重要？嗯，專家們普遍認(rèn)為謊言有兩種主要類型，自私的說謊者和為他人著想的說謊者。如你所料，第一種是為了私利，比如向保險公司提交欺詐性索賠，而第二種是為了幫助他人或不冒犯他人而撒謊。例如，你明明不喜歡朋友的衣服，卻告訴他衣服看起來很棒。
But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new, and some skeptics argue that this isn't a whole new category of lie.
但是研究人員提出了第三種謊言：為了保持良好的聲譽而撒謊。現(xiàn)在這個假設(shè)是新的，一些懷疑論者認(rèn)為這不是一個全新的謊言類別。
But the findings seem intuitive to me. After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.
但這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對我來說似乎很直觀。畢竟，說謊的主要動機之一是增加我們在別人眼中的價值。所以人們很有可能會為了顯得誠實而撒謊。
19: What did the team of scientists find in their study?
19：科學(xué)家小組在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？
20: Why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers?
20：研究人員認(rèn)為，為什么人們會捏造數(shù)字來損害自己的利益？
21: What does the speaker think of the researchers' findings?
21：演講者如何看待研究者的發(fā)現(xiàn)？
