評論
打印
Recording One
錄音 1
Today I'm going to talk about a very special kind of person. Psychologists call them "masters of deception," those rare individuals with a natural ability to tell with complete confidence when someone is telling a lie.
今天我要講的是一種非常特別的人。心理學家稱他們為“欺騙大師”，這種人非常罕見，當別人說謊時，他們有一種天生的能力，能夠完全自信地識破。
For decades, researchers and law enforcement agencies have tried to build a machine that will do the same thing.
幾十年來，研究人員和執法機構一直在嘗試制造一種能做同樣事情的機器。
Now a company in Massachusetts says that by using magnetic brain scans they can determine with 97% accuracy whether someone is telling the truth.
現在，馬薩諸塞州的一家公司表示，通過使用磁腦掃描，他們可以以97%的準確率確定某人是否在說真話。
They hope that the technology will be cleared for use in American courts by early next year. But is this really the ultimate tool for you, the lawyers of tomorrow?
他們希望這項技術能在明年初在美國法庭上得到應用。但這真的是未來律師的終極工具嗎？
You'll not find many brain scientists celebrating this breakthrough.
你會發現很多大腦科學家對這一突破并不樂觀。
The company might be very optimistic, but the ability of their machine to detect deception has not provided credible proof.
該公司可能非常樂觀，但他們的機器檢測欺騙的能力并沒有提供可信的證據。
That's because the technology has not been properly tested in real-world situations. In life, there are different kinds of lies and diverse context in which they're told.
這是因為這項技術還沒有在現實世界中得到適當的測試。在生活中，有各種各樣的謊言，還有不同的說謊背景。
These differences may elicit different brain responses. Does their hypothesis behind the test apply in every case?
這些差異可能引起不同的大腦反應。他們的假設是否適用于所有情況？
We don't know the answer, because studies done on how reliable this machine is have not yet been duplicated. Much more research is badly needed.
我們不知道答案，因為關于這臺機器的可靠性研究還沒有被復制，仍然需要更多的研究。
Whether the technology is eventually deemed reliable enough for the courts will ultimately be decided by the judges.
這項技術最終能否被法庭認為足夠可靠，最終將由法官決定。
Let's hope they're wise enough not to be fooled by a machine that claims to determine truthfulness at the flick of a switch.
我們希望他們足夠聰明，不要被一臺聲稱只要按一下開關就能確定真實性的機器愚弄。
They should also be sceptical of the growing tendency to try to reduce all human traits and actions to the level of brain activity. Often, they do not map that easily.
他們還應該對試圖將人類所有特征和行為都歸結到大腦活動層面的趨勢持懷疑態度。通常情況下，兩者并不能輕易匹配。
Moreover, understanding the brain is not the same as understanding the mind. Some researchers have suggested that thoughts cannot properly be seen as purely "internal."
此外，理解大腦并不等同于理解大腦。一些研究人員認為，思想不能完全被看作是“內在的”。
Instead, thoughts make sense only in reference to the individual's external world.
相反，思想只有在個人的外部世界中才有意義。
So while there may be insights to be gained from matching behavior to brain activity, those insights will not necessarily lead to justice in a court of law.
因此，雖然我們可以從大腦活動與行為的匹配中獲得一些洞見，但這些洞見并不一定會在法庭上得到公正的裁決。
Problems surround the use of machines to spot deception, at least until it has been rigorously tested.
至少在經過嚴格的測試之前，使用機器來發現欺騙，問題仍然存在。
A high-tech test that can tell when a person is not telling the truth sounds too good to be true. And when something sounds too good to be true, it usually is.
一項高科技測試可以判斷一個人是否在說謊，聽起來好得令人難以置信。當某件事聽起來好得令人難以置信時，它通常是真的。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
請根據你剛剛聽到的錄音回答16 - 18題。
16. What have researchers and law enforcement agencies tried to do?
16. 研究人員和執法機構試圖做什么？
17. How do many brain scientists respond to the Massachusetts company's so-called technological breakthrough?
17. 對于這家馬薩諸塞州公司所謂的技術突破，大腦科學家們做出了什么樣的回應？
18. What does the speaker think of using a high-tech test to determine whether a person is telling the truth?
18. 說話者如何看待使用高科技測試來判斷一個人是否在說真話？
