評(píng)論
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Today we are going to talk about the controls of an airplane.
今天我們將要討論飛機(jī)控制的話題。
Umm, but as you know, I like to talk a bit about the history of things.
嗯，但是，你們知道的，我想先講講歷史。
People generally credit the Wright brothers for having accomplished the first manned flight of an airplane.
人們多是歌頌萊特兄弟，是他們實(shí)現(xiàn)了飛機(jī)的第一次載人飛行。
Their work is very astonishing when you consider they had to do all their own research and there were few precedents for them to look to.
考慮到他們獨(dú)立完成研究，并且鮮有先例借鑒的情況，他們的工作是驚人的。
Even something as simple as controlling the airplane had to be imagined, tested, developed, and perfected.
甚至諸如操作飛機(jī)之類的簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)作也得自己想象、測(cè)試、研發(fā)、完善.
Over the past 100 years, the technology of airplanes has changed, but the controls are still similar.
在過(guò)去的一百年里，飛機(jī)技術(shù)已發(fā)生改變。但是控制技術(shù)基本沒(méi)變。
You see, an airplane has three axes. Each axis has its own set of fins built into the aircraft's wings.
一架飛機(jī)有三個(gè)軸。每個(gè)軸控制著各自機(jī)翼上的腹鰭。
When a pilot moves the fins in the air stream, they react with the air pressure to turn the aircraft.
當(dāng)飛行員移動(dòng)氣流中的飛機(jī)腹鰭時(shí)，腹鰭和氣流相互作用以改變航向。
There are three basic turns of today's airplane.
現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)有三種基本的操作。
A turn in the lateral axis can make the plane move up or down.
推動(dòng)橫軸會(huì)使飛機(jī)上下移動(dòng)。
A turn in the vertical axis can make the plane left or right.
推動(dòng)垂直軸會(huì)使飛機(jī)左右轉(zhuǎn)向。
The third axis is the longitudinal axis.
第三個(gè)是飛機(jī)的水平軸。
This turns the plane spin or roll.
推動(dòng)水平軸會(huì)使飛機(jī)機(jī)身旋轉(zhuǎn)。
For the first two types of turns, the fins turn in the direction of the desired turn.
推動(dòng)前兩種軸，腹鰭轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和軸的推動(dòng)方向一致，推動(dòng)后一種縱軸，
For a spin, the fins turn in opposite directions.
腹鰭轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和推動(dòng)方向相反。
To make a turn on the lateral or vertical axis,
要操作橫軸或者垂軸，
a pilot needs only to turn the fins in the direction of the desired turn.
飛行員只需將腹鰭朝著目標(biāo)方向推動(dòng)。
For example, if the pilot wants to turn left, he would turn the vertical axis left.
例如，如果飛行員想左轉(zhuǎn)，就將垂軸向左推。
The air stream that flows around the aircraft would change, and the aircraft would turn left.
飛機(jī)周身的氣流將會(huì)改變，飛機(jī)將會(huì)左轉(zhuǎn)。
To achieve a spin, the fins go in opposite directions.
想讓飛機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)，腹鰭轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)與水平軸推向相反方向相反。
For example, to spin clockwise, the right fin would turn down, so the right side of the aircraft drops.
例如，想讓飛機(jī)順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)，右腹鰭會(huì)下降，所以飛機(jī)的右側(cè)會(huì)下降。
The left fin would turn right, so that the left side of the aircraft would rise.
左腹鰭會(huì)右轉(zhuǎn)，這樣飛機(jī)的左側(cè)會(huì)上升。
With one side rising and one side dropping, the aircraft then would perform a spin or roll.
飛機(jī)一側(cè)抬升一側(cè)下降，這樣飛機(jī)就能實(shí)現(xiàn)旋轉(zhuǎn)。
Question 16. Why does the speaker say Wright brothers' invention is astonishing?
問(wèn)題16 為什么演講者認(rèn)為萊特兄弟的工作是驚人的？
Question 17. How many axes does an airplane have?
問(wèn)題17 一架飛機(jī)有多少個(gè)軸？
Question 18. How to make an airplane move up or down according to the lecture?
問(wèn)題18 根據(jù)這篇文章，怎樣能讓飛機(jī)上下移動(dòng)？
Question 19. What should a pilot do if he wants the plane to spin?
問(wèn)題19 如果飛行員想讓飛機(jī)腹鰭轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，那么他應(yīng)該做什么？
譯文屬可可原創(chuàng)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)和交流使用，未經(jīng)允許不得轉(zhuǎn)載
