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The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
國(guó)際糧食政策研究所（IFPRI）今日發(fā)布了2010年全球饑餓指數(shù)報(bào)告。
It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion
報(bào)告顯示，近年來(lái)專家得出結(jié)論：
that undernourishment between conception and a child's second birthday can have serious and long-lastingimpacts.
從懷孕到嬰兒兩歲之間的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重而長(zhǎng)期的影響。
Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window can seriously check the growth and development of children
在這將近1000天的時(shí)間內(nèi)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良可能會(huì)嚴(yán)重限制兒童的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育，
and render them more likely to get sick and die than well-fed children.
而且這些兒童的生病和死亡率也比營(yíng)養(yǎng)充足的兒童高。
Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally.
預(yù)防饑餓能使孩子的身體和心智更好地生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)育。
Says IFPRI's Marie Ruel,"They will be more likely to perform well in school. They will stay in school longer.
國(guó)際糧食政策研究所瑪麗·魯埃爾說(shuō)，“他們?cè)趯W(xué)校里表現(xiàn)可能更好，上學(xué)的時(shí)間可能也更長(zhǎng)。
And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages,
事實(shí)上，國(guó)際糧食政策研究的報(bào)告還表明，成年后，營(yíng)養(yǎng)更好的孩子有著相對(duì)更高的薪水，
by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent."
而且領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì)比較明顯，有46%之多。”
Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation's future generations depends in a large part on the first 1,000 days of life.
魯埃爾說(shuō)，這就意味著一個(gè)國(guó)家年輕一代人的生產(chǎn)力在很大程度上取決于他們生命最開(kāi)始的1000天。
"This is why we're all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutrition.
“這就是為什么我們將重點(diǎn)放在這1000天內(nèi)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)改善。
After that, the damage is done and is highly irreversible."
過(guò)了這段時(shí)間，問(wèn)題已經(jīng)形成，想要補(bǔ)救難度極高。”
The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for decades.
這些關(guān)于營(yíng)養(yǎng)和兒童發(fā)育問(wèn)題的資料是經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年慢慢收集起來(lái)的。
But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem.
但是魯埃爾說(shuō)單單是科學(xué)方面達(dá)成共識(shí)根本解決不了問(wèn)題。
"It's not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then,
“只是營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家知道應(yīng)該在這一時(shí)期進(jìn)行干預(yù)是不夠的，
if we don't have the politicians on board, and also the people that implement the programs in the field."
還需要有政府和該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)對(duì)相關(guān)項(xiàng)目有實(shí)施權(quán)的人士的支持。”
Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning to get on board.
魯埃爾說(shuō)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)可以看到政治家和實(shí)施者參與進(jìn)來(lái)的積極信號(hào)了。
Many major donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.
很多大的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)以及聯(lián)合國(guó)目前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始將消除饑餓項(xiàng)目的對(duì)象鎖定到了孕婦和幼年兒童身上。
They focus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements.
它們將重點(diǎn)放在改善飲食和提供微量食品食品添加劑。
They improve access to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child's life.
它們改善孕婦產(chǎn)前營(yíng)養(yǎng)，鼓勵(lì)在嬰兒出生前六個(gè)月純母乳喂養(yǎng)。
Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health andnutrition.
魯埃爾說(shuō)20世紀(jì)80年代，泰國(guó)招收大量的志愿者到鄉(xiāng)下去講授關(guān)于健康和營(yíng)養(yǎng)的知識(shí)，降低了兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的幾率。
"They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet and good eating habits.
“他們真的對(duì)健康飲食和良好的飲食習(xí)慣進(jìn)行了很積極多樣的宣傳。
So they were providing more food to people,
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but also educating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feed their young children."
還教給人們?nèi)绾问秤眠@些食物及如何安排他們孩子的飲食。”
Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition.
魯埃爾說(shuō)每個(gè)國(guó)家為減少兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良現(xiàn)象采取的方式可能不同。
But she says nations will not make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.
但是，無(wú)論是哪個(gè)國(guó)家，它們只有將上面提到的這1000天作為重點(diǎn)，才有可能在消除饑餓和貧困的工作中取得進(jìn)展。
Question 20. What is the experts' conclusion regarding children's undernourishment in their earliest days of life?
問(wèn)題20 關(guān)于兒童初生期營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良專家得出了什么結(jié)論？
Question 21. What does IFPRI's Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life?
問(wèn)題21 國(guó)際糧食政策研究所瑪麗·魯埃爾說(shuō)營(yíng)養(yǎng)充足的孩子成年后的生活如何？
Question 22. What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?
問(wèn)題22 20世紀(jì)80年代的泰國(guó)為降低兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的幾率做了什么？
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