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Passage One
短文一
Children with autism have difficulty with social skills and communication.
自閉癥兒童缺乏社交溝通技能。
They often behave in restricted and repetitive ways and have what seem to be like abnormally interests.
他們表現方式有限，常常做重復的動作，對事物表現出反常的興趣。
Autism is more common in boys than girls. What causes it is not clear.
自閉癥患者中，男孩比女孩更普遍，而導致自閉癥的原因尚不清楚。
Scientists are studying genes and possible environmental influences.
科學家想通過研究基因和環境影響方面找到原因。
Doctors usually cannot confirm a diagnosis of autism until a child is about three years old.
醫生只有到患兒滿三歲之后才可以確診。
Rebecca Landa is a researcher at the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Maryland.
麗貝卡·蘭達是肯尼迪·克里格研究所和馬里蘭約翰霍普金斯大學醫學院的研究人員。
Professor Landa wanted to find out what differences in development might be seen earlier.
蘭達教授希望找出能夠更早確診的異常癥狀。
She led a new study that observed 235 babies between 6 and 36 months of age.
她在235個6—36個月大的嬰兒中做了一項新研究。
By the time a baby is one year old,
患自閉癥的兒童的可能癥狀是：
signs of possible autism include difficulty in using words and not looking eye-to-eye or reacting to other people.
在一歲時在言語表達、與人進行眼神交流、對外界反應方面存在困難。
By 14 months, the baby might smile less and use language less.
到14個月時，他們會笑得更少，更少講話。
However, Professor Landa says these signs can be so small that they might be missed during a short health exam.
但蘭達教授說，這些跡象不是那么明顯以至于在短時間的健康檢查中可能會被漏查。
"It's important for parents to notice their children's development,
父母觀察孩子的成長過程十分重要，
and if a parent is concerned about a child's development, turn to the professionals.
如果父母對其成長有所擔憂，應當去尋求專業人士的幫助。
The earlier parents notice delays, the sooner they can begin doing simple things that may help improve their child's development.
父母對這些遲鈍現象發現得越早，他們就可以越早采取一些簡單的方式幫助他們的孩子發育。
For example: talking to the child about what they are doing,
“比如：父母可以通過與自閉癥患兒談論他們正在做的事，
commenting when the child shows them something, and playing simple games to keep the child's attention." she says.
對兒童展示給父母看的東西做出評價，以及與他們玩一些簡單的游戲來吸引其注意力。”她說。
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
問題9到問題12是基于剛才你所聽到的這篇文章
9. According to the passage, what symptoms may autistic children have?
根據短文內容，自閉癥兒童會表現出什么癥狀？
10. Why is it difficult to screen out the autistic children during a short health exam?
簡短的健康檢查為什么會漏查出自閉癥兒童？
11. What should parents do to help children improve their development?
父母應該如何幫助孩子更好地成長發育？
12. What do we know about autism according to the passage?
根據短文內容我們對于自閉癥了解到了什么？
譯文屬可可原創，僅供學習和交流使用，未經允許不得轉載
