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Part III Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
Since the settlement of Jamestown in 1607, well over 45 million people have immigrated to the United States. Up until 1882, the policy of the United States was almost one of free and unrestricted admittance. The country was regarded as the land of the free, a haven for those oppressed by tyrants, and a place of opportunity.
Immigration of white ethnics to the United States can be viewed from the perspective of old migration and new migration. The old migration consisted of people from northern Europe who came before the 1880s. The new migration was much larger in numbers and consisted of people from Southern and Eastern Europe who came between 1880 and 1920. The ethnic groups that made up the old migration included the English, Dutch, French, Germans, Irish, Scandinavians, Scots, and Welsh. The new migration included Poles, Hungarians, Ukrainians, Russians, Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, and Armenians.
The new migration sent far more immigrants to the United States than the old migration. The earlier immigrants felt threatened by the waves of unskilled and uneducated newcomers whose appearance and culture were so different from their own. Public pressure for immigration restriction increased. After 1921 quotas were established limiting the number of people that could arrive from any particular country. The quotas were specifically designed to discriminate against potential immigrants from the southern and eastern European countries. This discriminatory immigration policy remained in effect until 1965 when a new policy was established.
In contrast to the stereotype of the European immigrant arriving at Ellis Island as in previous eras, todays immigrant is likely to be from the Orient and arrive by plane. Since 1970, Asian immigrants have been rising rapidly both in number and as a percentage of all immigrants to the United States. In fact, the United States Asian immigrant population is increasing faster than the foreign?born population from Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and Canada combined. Europe, on the other hand, no longer sends many of its natives to Americas shores. Even with the massive immigration from Europe during their early history, only 26 percent of todays foreign born population came from Europe, and only 13 percent of them have arrived since 1980.
86. According to the author, the old migration consisted of .
87. The new migration consisted of .
88. There were a large number of immigrants to the United States from the year 1607 to 1882 because at that time the country was regarded as .
89. The earlier immigrants felt threatened by whose appearance and culture were so different from their own.
90. Todays immigrants are more likely .
