1. The research showed that over the past 35 years women's happiness has declined. both compared to the past and relative to men even though, by most objective measures, the lives of women in the US have i m proved in recent decades.
本句是一個復合句。that引導賓語從句，作show的賓語。compared to...men過去分詞短語作狀語，表示比較。even though引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”
語法重點：分詞短語作狀語，讓步狀語從句
2. The researchers. for instance. measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents. "casting doubt on the hypothesis that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family balance are at the root of the happiness declines among women," they wrote.
本句是一個復合句，其中for instance是插入語，表示舉例。who引導限制性定語從句，修飾women。后面引號內的內容為直接引語。casting doubt...among women為現在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，其中that引導同位語從句，解釋說明hypothesis。
語法重點：插入語，定語從句，分詞短語作狀語，同位語從句