"所謂得閱讀者得天下"，這句形容雖然有些浮夸，卻說(shuō)明了一個(gè)不爭(zhēng)的事實(shí)--首先，在各類(lèi)英語(yǔ)考試中，閱讀理解分值大，牢牢占據(jù)著核心地位；其次，多數(shù)同學(xué)從英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的起步階段就開(kāi)始接觸閱讀這種考題，對(duì)于這類(lèi)題型最為熟悉，從中拿分的把握最高。雖然，在去年八月中旬發(fā)生了震驚兩千三百多萬(wàn)考生的改革，但是絲毫沒(méi)有撼動(dòng)閱讀理解在這個(gè)全國(guó)關(guān)注度最高，覆蓋面最廣的英語(yǔ)考試中的核心地位。首先，從分值上看，閱讀理解占據(jù)了35%的比重，細(xì)分到三大題型分別為：詞匯運(yùn)用5%，長(zhǎng)篇閱讀10%，精確閱讀20%。其次，從得分的角度分析，對(duì)于絕大部分考生來(lái)說(shuō)，搞定一道閱讀要比做對(duì)一道聽(tīng)力容易的多。尤其是單位分值最高的精確閱讀（該部分共兩篇文章，10道題，平均每道題占2%的分值），若我們準(zhǔn)備充分一些，處理恰當(dāng)一些的話，必然會(huì)成為考生戰(zhàn)勝四六級(jí)的基石。接下來(lái)，我們通過(guò)分析一些真題，來(lái)看一看轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系在真題中的運(yùn)用。
　　分析一：先來(lái)看一道四級(jí)真題（2008年6月passage one）
　　60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol,____.
　　A. politicians have started to do something to better the situation
　　B. few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
　　C. reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
　　D. international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
　　根據(jù)題干的內(nèi)容，我們把位置卡在文章的第四段：
　　No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel)that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doing something". Consider the Kyoto Protoco(京都議定書(shū)).It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(簽字國(guó)) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
　　文中關(guān)于京都議定書(shū)的內(nèi)容提到：It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(簽字國(guó)) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.這是四六級(jí)閱讀中常考的細(xì)節(jié)題，要求考生根據(jù)題目，對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息做出正確的理解，那么，明確重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容就成為解決這類(lèi)題型的關(guān)鍵所在！這里出現(xiàn)了明顯轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，說(shuō)明有關(guān)京都議定書(shū)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容應(yīng)該位于but之后，而but之后的信息告訴我們，京都議定書(shū)的簽訂并未降低二氧化碳的排放量，且多數(shù)簽字國(guó)并未實(shí)施有力的政策去實(shí)現(xiàn)他們2008年到2012的環(huán)保目標(biāo)。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)B項(xiàng)：few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use正確描述了轉(zhuǎn)折之后的內(nèi)容，為該題目的正確答案。
　　再看一道六級(jí)真題（2009年6月passage two），就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律總是驚人的相似：
　　57. What's the opinion of economists about going to college?
　　A. Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.
　　B. It doesn't pay to run into debt to receive a college education.
　　C. College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.
　　D. Going to college doesn't necessarily bring the expected returns.
　　根據(jù)題干，我們定位到文章第一段：There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.文中再次出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，雖然前文指出，沒(méi)有什么活動(dòng)能夠比輸入大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)計(jì)算器并得出一個(gè)六位數(shù)的總和更使人感到清醒，但是在but之后，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)者指出大學(xué)會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的收益。因此，在對(duì)比選項(xiàng)中我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)C項(xiàng)：College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs正確對(duì)應(yīng)了原文轉(zhuǎn)折之后的信息，為該題目的正確答案。
　　結(jié)論一：轉(zhuǎn)折之后為重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容，經(jīng)常給出細(xì)節(jié)題的答案！
　　分析二：來(lái)看一道四級(jí)真題（2008年12月passage two）
　　63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying " … the shopper must also find a replacement" (Line 2, Para. 4)?
　　A. New customers are bound to replace old ones.
　　B. It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.
　　C. Most stores provide the same kind of service.
　　D. Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.
　　根據(jù)題干中給出的位置，我們回到文中第四段："Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers," said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group." the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement."這是四六級(jí)閱讀中常考的語(yǔ)義題，要求考生結(jié)合上下文的理解，來(lái)推理引號(hào)內(nèi)容的言外之意，因此，擅于把握句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系就顯得格外重要！從文中看出，but前的內(nèi)容告訴我們，"商店失去了顧客"，流失顧客對(duì)于商店而言造成了一定的傷害，我們都知道所謂"轉(zhuǎn)折前后，含義相反"，那么but后這句話字面含義是"顧客也必須找到替代品"，通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折前后，含義相反的方式理解，不難得出其內(nèi)涵是站在顧客這個(gè)角度來(lái)分析顧客的麻煩，由此我們可得出正確答案為D項(xiàng)：Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too。
　　再來(lái)看一道六級(jí)真題（2009年6月passage one），就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一思路完全同理可證
　　53. What does the author mean by "Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness" (Line 1, Para. 2)?
　　A．Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.
　　B．Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.
　　C．The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.
　　D．The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.
　　我們根據(jù)題目給出的位置回到原文：For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龜) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龜) down to the water's edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you'd think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.
　　But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from "threatened" to "endangered"-meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.看到如此畫(huà)面，多數(shù)同學(xué)頓時(shí)淚奔，心想莫非要把如此多的文字全部啃下來(lái)才能做對(duì)這道題嗎？實(shí)則不然！我們只需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注一個(gè)叫but的小伙伴，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)可愛(ài)的小家伙可以明確指出上下文邏輯和含義的向反性！but前告訴我們?nèi)祟?lèi)在以各種各樣的方式保護(hù)海龜，以免海龜走向絕種，而but后這句話字面意思是"大自然對(duì)于人類(lèi)的公平概念是冷漠的"，我們通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折前后，含義相反的思路來(lái)理解，不難得出其內(nèi)涵為：人類(lèi)雖付出了很多努力，但努力并未奏效，海龜還是在走向絕種，因此復(fù)合我們判斷的選項(xiàng)只有D項(xiàng)：The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection。
　　結(jié)論二：轉(zhuǎn)折前后，邏輯表意相反，巧用轉(zhuǎn)折，可正確推理語(yǔ)義題的言外之意！
　　綜上所述，轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯是我們?cè)诰_閱讀中砍分的利器！因此，當(dāng)文章中出現(xiàn)：but，however，while，yet，instead（of），still，on the contrary等表示轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的單詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，請(qǐng)大家打起十二分精神，因?yàn)榇鸢刚谙蚰阕邅?lái)！