評(píng)論
打印
1. 不定式
1) 形式
主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
進(jìn)行式 to be doing
完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing
a) 完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作, 通常與主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生, 或是在它之后發(fā)生. 假如不定式所表示的動(dòng)作, 在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))之前發(fā)生, 就要用不定式的完成式.
I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).
(比較: I am glad to see you.)
He is said to have written a new book about workers.
He pretended not to have seen me.
b) 進(jìn)行式: 如果主要謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生時(shí), 不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行, 這時(shí)要用不定式的進(jìn)行式.
You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet.
We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.
He pretended to be listening attentively.
c) 完成進(jìn)行式: 在謂語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 就要用不定式的完成進(jìn)行式.
The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.
We are happy to have been working with you.
d) 被動(dòng)式: 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式.
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
2) 功用: 不定式可以作主語(yǔ) (a), 賓語(yǔ) (b), 表語(yǔ) (c), 定語(yǔ) (d) 或是狀語(yǔ) (e).
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
