評論
打印
Passage Two
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有營養的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.” In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
62. Today medical care is placing more stress on ________.
A) keeping people in a healthy physical condition
B) monitoring patients’ body functions
C) removing people’s bad living habits
D) ensuring people’s psychological well-being
63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________.
A) good health is more than not being ill
B) drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful
C) regular health checks are essential to keeping fit
D) prevention is more difficult than cure(B)
64. Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he ________.
A) does not have any unhealthy living habits
B) does not have any physical handicaps
C) is able to handle his daily routines
D) is free from any kind of disease(D)
65. According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people ________.
A) to best satisfy their body’s special needs
B) to strive to maintain the best possible health
C) to meet the strictest standards of bodily health
D) to keep a proper balance between work and leisure(B)
66. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?
A) People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.
B) People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.
C) People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations.
D) People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.(C)
這篇文章講述了當今社會“健康”概念的新發展。全文比較少見地一共只有兩大段(很有可能是英文原版文章的節選)，第一段開頭介紹了當今社會人們醫療觀念的轉變，即人們關注的焦點正在從治療轉變為預防。這一現象是眾所周知的，作者可以借此不動聲色地引出了文章的論題——健康觀念的轉變問題。在此之后，作者立即把筆鋒指向正題，提出這種觀念上的轉變其實還可以探究得更為深入(The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further)。在第一段的其余部分，作者使用了一系列does……but句型，對一種健康狀態進行了具體的描述，最后指出這種程度上的“健康”其實還有改善的余地(could be a lot healthier)。
第一段完成了對一種健康但又不夠健康的狀態的具體描述，第二段開頭則指出傳統觀念未對not ill(不得病)和excellent health(身體極佳)進行區分，都稱為健康(well)，那么讀到這里，顯然可以判斷第一段描述的是not ill這一概念。
此后作者提出一種觀點，即只有那些積極努力保持和改善健康狀態的人(who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health)才可稱是“健康的”(well)或達到了“健康狀態”(wellness)。之后作者分別對well和wellness作了具體的解釋。
n. 轉移 adj. 不斷改換的 動詞shift的現在分
