Passage One
　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
　　Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has fund that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困擾) you—appears to be the key to the finding.
　　Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.
　　His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.
　　But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
　　People are also more likely to lie in real time—in a instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脫口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
　　Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
　　注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。
　　57. Hancock’s study focuses on ________.
　　A) the consequences of lying in various communications media
　　B) the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas
　　C) people are less likely to lie in instant messages
　　D) people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media(D)
　　58. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________.
　　A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages
　　B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
　　C) people are most likely to lie in email communication
　　D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations(A)
　　59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?
　　A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
　　B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.
　　C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
　　D) They are most practised at those forms of communication.(A)
　　60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________.
　　A) salesmen can talk directly to their customers
　　B) salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate
　　C) salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy
　　D) salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively(B)
　　61. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
　　A) honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications
　　B) more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees
　　C) suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes
　　D) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company(C)
　　這是一篇講述交流途徑與說謊頻度的關系的文章。全文共6小段。第一段一共三句話，這三句話對全文內容進行了精煉的介紹。前兩句指明有關研究(honesty across a range of communication media，交流媒介不同，誠實程度也不同)的成果：電話交流的說謊頻度是電子郵件交流的二倍。最后一句指出了原因：電子郵件可被自動記錄，并可以回查。文章隨后的5段均是對有關研究的具體情形和現象背后的原因的詳述。
　　第二段介紹了有關研究的詳情：研究者(Jeff Hancock)，實驗內容(30 students to keep a communications diary for a week)，和實驗結果(各種媒介的說謊率為14%——37%)。
　　第三段指出這個結果十分出人意料(surprised psychologists)，為下文進一步說明出現這種結果的原因做好了鋪墊。
　　隨后的第四、五段說明了原因，一個是對話可否被記錄和再查(whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread)，一個是對話是否為實時交流(whether it occurs in real time)。
　　最后一段指出這一研究成果的用途(elp companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate)。
　　這種在開頭先將核心內容和盤托出、隨后進行詳述的寫法是典型的金字塔式寫法，在歐美報紙上慣常出現，原因是人們瀏覽報紙的時間有限，一篇報道必須在開頭就將文章大意向讀者說明，否則行文拖沓，很可能會被讀者拋之一旁。
來源:可可英語 http://www.ccdyzl.cn/cet4/200811/55921.shtml