評論
打印
A team of scientists has observed time moving slower than usual in quasars of the early universe.
一組科學家觀測到早期宇宙中類星體的時間運行速度比平時慢。
This effect is known as "time dilation."
這種效應被稱為“時間膨脹”。
Quasars are some of the brightest things in the universe and scientists use them as "clocks" to keep track of time in the past.
類星體是宇宙中最亮的東西之一，科學家把它們當作“鐘表”來記錄過去的時間。
They are created by extremely large black holes, many times more massive than the sun, often in the center of galaxies.
它們是由極大的黑洞產生的，黑洞質量比太陽大許多倍，通常位于星系的中心。
Black holes take in matter by gravitational pull and release radiation.
黑洞通過引力吸收物質并釋放輻射。
That release is a quasar.
釋放物就是類星體。
The scientists studied the brightness of 190 quasars that existed about 1.5 billion years after the universe was created.
科學家研究了宇宙形成后存在15億年的190個類星體的亮度。
They compared the brightness of those quasars to some that exist today.
他們將這些類星體的亮度與如今存在的一些類星體進行了比較。
They found that some movements that happen over a specific amount of time now, were five times slower back then.
他們發現，現在在特定時間內發生的一些運動比當時慢五倍。
Famous scientist Albert Einstein proved that time and space have been growing in all directions since the start of the universe.
著名科學家阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦證明，自宇宙形成以來，時間和空間一直在向四面八方擴展。
Scientist Geraint Lewis is an expert in astrophysics at the University of Sydney in Australia.
科學家杰倫特·劉易斯是澳大利亞悉尼大學的天體物理學專家。
He led the study, which appeared in the publication Nature Astronomy.
他領導了這項研究，該研究論文發表在《自然·天文學》雜志上。
Lewis said the expanding universe is why time flowed slower billions of years ago.
劉易斯說，宇宙的膨脹是數十億年前時間運行速度變慢的原因。
However, time did not feel like slow motion.
然而，時間并不像慢動作。
If you were sent back in time, a second would feel like a second.
如果你被送回過去，一秒感覺就像一秒。
But a second would take five times as long for a person today.
但對于今天的人來說，過去的一秒鐘是現在的5倍長。
Lewis said: "In modern physics, time is a complicated thing."
劉易斯說：“在現代物理學中，時間是一個復雜的東西。”
Scientists had reported time dilation from 7 billion years ago by studying supernovas, the explosions of huge stars at the end of their life.
科學家通過研究超新星，即巨型恒星在生命末期發生的爆炸，報告了70億年前的時間膨脹。
Over time, the light created by supernovas disappears.
隨著時間的推移，超新星產生的光消失了。
Scientists studied explosions from billions of years ago and saw that they happened much slower then compared to now.
科學家研究了數十億年前的爆炸，發現它們發生的速度比現在慢得多。
We cannot see individual exploding stars from a set distance away, so scientists are not able to study the early universe that well.
我們無法在一定距離外看到單獨的恒星爆炸，因此科學家無法很好地研究早期宇宙。
Quasars are much brighter, so scientists are able to observe the activity from much further away and deeper in the past.
類星體要明亮得多，所以科學家能夠從更遠更深的地方觀測到過去的活動。
"What is observed over time is the quasar brightness.
劉易斯說：“隨著時間的推移，觀測到的是類星體的亮度。
This fluctuates up and down, the result of lots of complicated physics in the disk of matter spinning around a black hole at almost light speed," Lewis said.
它上下波動，這是由物質盤中的許多復雜物理活動造成的，物質盤以接近光速的速度繞黑洞旋轉。”
I'm Dominic Varela.
多米尼克·瓦雷拉為您播報。
譯文為可可英語翻譯，未經授權請勿轉載！
