評論
打印
Secret of her smile
蒙娜麗莎微笑的秘密
Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is one of the most renowned paintings in the art world. Interest in the sixteenth-century portrait, which is probably of Lisa del Giocondo, the wife of merchant Francesco del Giocondo, has always focused on one particular detail: her expression.
意大利畫家達·芬奇的《蒙娜麗莎》是藝術界最負盛名的畫作之一。這幅16世紀的肖像畫或許畫得是商人弗蘭西斯科·吉奧康杜的妻子麗莎·吉奧康杜，但人們的關注點總是停留在畫作的一個細節(jié)上：她的表情。
People have different opinions about it. Some people think that she is smiling, while others believe she is grimacing.
人們對于她的表情有著不同的看法。一些人認為她在微笑，而還有一些人則覺得她看起來愁眉苦臉。
Could she have been doing the Renaissance equivalent of "smiling for the camera"? That is, putting on a display of happiness that she didn't really feel? Or is it a sincere smile, and we viewers are reading into it too much?
她的微笑是文藝復興版的“鏡頭前微笑”，假裝自己很開心？還是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的微笑，卻被觀賞者們過分解讀了？
According to scientists at the University of California, US, if Mona Lisa doesn't look happy to you, it might be because of your own mental state.
美國加州大學的科學家們認為，如果你覺得蒙娜麗莎看起來不開心，或許與你的心理狀態(tài)有關。
The scientists' study, published in Psychological Science in April, is based on the theory that the brain is a predictive organ that looks to past experiences to know what to expect from the future.
科學家們的這項研究今年四月發(fā)表于《心理科學》期刊上，該研究所基于的理論是，人類大腦是個預測性器官，能從過去的經(jīng)歷中預見未來。
The researchers showed 43 people several pairs of faces at the same time. One set of faces had neutral expressions, while the other set had expressions that were sometimes happy, sometimes neutral and sometimes angry.
研究者們同時向43人展示了幾對面部表情圖片。一組圖片的面部表情為中性，而另一組圖片中，有的表情是開心，有的則是中性或者憤怒。
After people looked at the faces, they were encouraged to describe the emotions on the faces in the neutral images they had seen. Scientists discovered that an image of a neutral expression was more likely to be read as a smile or a grimace when it had been shown alongside a face with a smile or a grimace.
人們在看過這些面部表情后，被要求形容先前看過的中性表情所表露出的情緒。科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，中性表情圖像和笑臉或者苦瓜臉放在一起時，更容易被認為是微笑或者愁眉苦臉。
"We are the architects of our own experience. Our brain makes predictions about what it expects to see and uses information from the world to update its expectations," the researchers explained to Science Daily.
“我們是自我經(jīng)歷的建筑師。我們的大腦會對看到的事物做出預測，并利用從世界中獲取的信息更新預期，”研究人員們向《科學日報》解釋道。
Indeed, our emotions change our perceptions of the world around us, including works of art. "If you see the Mona Lisa after you have just had a screaming fight with your husband, you're going to see the painting differently," said Erika Siegel, one of the researchers. "But if you're having the time of your life at the Louvre, you're going to see the enigmatic smile."
情緒的確會改變我們對于周遭世界的認知，包括藝術品。“如果你和丈夫大吵一架后跑去看《蒙娜麗莎》，你會看到一幅不同的畫作，”研究人員之一的艾瑞卡·西格爾表示。“但如果你很享受在盧浮宮度過的時光，你會看到她謎一般的微笑。”
