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Can you train someone to be a nicer person? A recent study using meditation techniques shows that it might be possible. The research is published in the journal Psychological Science.
你能把某人訓(xùn)練成為一位更優(yōu)秀的人嗎？一項(xiàng)近期的、結(jié)合冥想技巧的研究顯示那是可能的。該研究發(fā)表在《心理科學(xué)》雜志上。
One group of subjects learned to practice what's called “compassionate meditation” by focusing on a specific person while repeating a phrase like, “May you be free from suffering.” The subjects concentrated on five different people: A loved one, a friend, themselves, a stranger and then someone they were in conflict with. Another group of subjects performed general positive thinking. Both groups did the exercise 30 minutes a day for two weeks.
一組受試者學(xué)著去實(shí)踐所謂的“慈悲冥想”，即將注意力集中在一個(gè)特定的人身上，并不停地重復(fù)一句話，例如“祝愿您遠(yuǎn)離痛苦”。這些受試者們將注意力集中在5個(gè)人身上：愛(ài)人，朋友，自己，陌生人，然后是與之有沖突的人。另一組受試者則進(jìn)行一般積極的思考訓(xùn)練。每組受試者每天這樣鍛煉30分鐘，持續(xù)兩個(gè)星期。
Then everyone was asked to spend money to help a fictional character who had been treated unfairly.
之后便要求每位受試者花錢(qián)去幫助一位虛構(gòu)的、被不平等對(duì)待的人。
And the subjects who did compassionate meditation were more likely to spend their money to help than those who trained to just think more positively. The researchers also did brain scans of those who behaved most altruistically, before and after training. And people who were most altruistic after training showed the biggest increases in activity in brain areas involved in empathy and positive emotion. So empathy appears to be like a muscle—it can be built up by exercise that causes actual physiological changes.
相比那些在訓(xùn)練時(shí)想法更積極的人來(lái)說(shuō)，那些進(jìn)行同情冥想的人更愿意花錢(qián)去幫助別人。在訓(xùn)練前后，研究人員分別掃描了那些表現(xiàn)得最無(wú)私的受試者的大腦。結(jié)果顯示，那些在訓(xùn)練后表現(xiàn)最為慷慨的受試者，其大腦內(nèi)與同情和積極的情緒有關(guān)的區(qū)域的活動(dòng)大為增強(qiáng)。因此，同情心似乎與肌肉類似——可以通過(guò)能引起真正生理變化的訓(xùn)練來(lái)建立。
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