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Does your puppy turn his nose up at his own chow—because he wants some of whatever it is that you’re having? A new study finds that, when it comes to food, dogs recognize human social signals about what’s good. The work is in the journal Public Library of Science ONE.
請(qǐng)問(wèn)您的狗狗是不是對(duì)它自己的食物嗤之以鼻？——這是因?yàn)樗Ｍ湍阆碛猛瑯拥拿啦汀Ｒ豁?xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)涉及到食物時(shí)，狗狗可以根據(jù)人類發(fā)出的信號(hào)判斷哪些食物是好哪些食物是壞。這項(xiàng)研究刊登在《科學(xué)公共圖書(shū)館》雜志上。
Researchers let pet dogs choose between two plates, one with a single piece of food and the other with six pieces. Unsurprisingly, the animals generally went for the larger portion. But when a human being showed a clear liking for the smaller plate, the canines likewise went for the skimpier choice. The dogs apparently recognized and responded to the humans’ social cues.
研究人員讓寵物狗在兩個(gè)盤(pán)子中的食物之間做出選擇——一個(gè)盤(pán)子中只有一片食物，另一個(gè)盤(pán)子中則有六片。不出所料，狗狗一般都選擇份量較多的那個(gè)盤(pán)子。但是，當(dāng)人們明顯表達(dá)出對(duì)小份食物具有好感時(shí)，狗狗同樣會(huì)去選擇份量較少的那份食物。狗狗顯然意識(shí)到并回應(yīng)了人類發(fā)出的信號(hào)。
And not all cues were equally effective. When the human approached but did not touch the smaller portion, dogs ignored the attention-drawing gesture. For a social signal to influence behavior, it had to demonstrate intention. And the most effective cues also involved communication, such as looking from the food to the dog and back while talking encouragingly. For dogs, choosing a bite may depend on another’s bark.
不是所有的人類信號(hào)都同樣有效。當(dāng)人走近但沒(méi)有觸及小分量食物的時(shí)候，狗狗們會(huì)忽視這個(gè)動(dòng)作?？梢杂绊懝饭穫冃袨榈男盘?hào)需要表現(xiàn)出明顯的意圖才行。最有效的人類信號(hào)還包括溝通——比如，眼睛從食物瞄到狗狗再瞄回食物，同時(shí)說(shuō)一些鼓勵(lì)的話。對(duì)于狗狗們而言，狂咬一通并不是吃東西，還可能是因?yàn)橥悓?duì)它齜牙咧嘴。
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