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Brooke Rollins, the nominee for agriculture secretary, may bow to the many Republicans in Congress who are from farm states that stand to lose if potato crisps or the myriad foods sweetened with corn syrup are blacklisted.
農業部長提名人布魯克·羅林斯（Brooke Rollins）可能會向國會中來自農業州的許多共和黨人屈服，如果薯片或用玉米糖漿增甜的無數食品被列入黑名單，這些共和黨人將蒙受損失。
Mr Kennedy would have more control over improving food safety and nutritional labels on foods,
肯尼迪將對改善食品安全和食品營養標簽擁有更大的控制權，
which are regulated by the FDA—especially if he sticks to his promise to shield health-policymaking from corporate influence.
這些標簽由FDA監管——尤其是如果他堅持承諾保護健康政策制定不受企業影響的話。
More stringent regulation of the chemicals used in processed foods would force food companies to use fewer of them.
對加工食品中使用的化學品進行更嚴格的監管將迫使食品公司減少使用化學品。
But hiring the many more people that the FDA would need for this is probably a non-starter in an administration bent on small government (to say nothing of Big Food's influence in Congress).
但是，在一個一心想實行小政府的政府中（更不用說大型食品公司在國會的影響力），雇用FDA需要的更多人員可能是無望成功的想法。
Standards for nutrient information on food packages that are designed with industry participation, as is the case in America, typically result in puzzling information and baffled consumers.
在美國，食品包裝上的營養信息標準是由行業參與設計的，通常會導致信息令人費解，消費者感到困惑。
But, as Mr Kennedy has acknowledged, changing what Americans eat is more complicated than telling them which foods are bad or restricting food-aid dollars to healthy foods.
但是，正如肯尼迪承認的那樣，改變美國人的飲食習慣比告訴他們哪些食物不好或將食品援助資金限制在健康食品上要復雜得多。
Fresh fruit and vegetables are rarely stocked by the corner shops where many poor Americans buy their food; shelves there are laden with tobacco, alcohol and cheap processed foods.
許多貧窮的美國人在街角小店購買食物，但那里很少供應新鮮果蔬；貨架上擺滿了煙酒和廉價加工食品。
Programmes that have been found to boost the availability of healthy food in such fresh-food deserts typically involve some form of subsidy to shop owners.
在這些新鮮食品荒漠中，提高健康食品供應的項目通常涉及對店主的某種形式的補貼。
This sort of intervention could pay off in the long term but would be hard to sell politically.
這種干預措施可能會在長期內帶來回報，但在政治上很難推廣。
It is, though, the sort of intervention that Jay Bhattacharya, a Stanford University health economist picked by Mr Trump to lead the NIH, could prioritise for research on the best ways to make people eat more healthily.
然而，這正是斯坦福大學健康經濟學家杰伊·巴塔查里亞(Jay Bhattacharya)（被特朗普任命領導NIH）可以優先研究的干預措施，以尋找讓人們飲食更健康的最佳方法。
That would fit with Mr Kennedy's plans to shift NIH research towards chronic diseases and nutrition.
這符合肯尼迪將NIH的研究轉向慢性病和營養的計劃。
Of the 11,000 research projects funded by the NIH in 2012-2017 only 8.5% focused on studying prevention of the risk factors that account for 70% of deaths in America.
在2012-2017年NIH資助的11000個研究項目中，只有8.5%專注于研究預防導致美國70%死亡的風險因素。
Poor nutrition is the leading risk factor for ill health, but nutrition research accounts for just 4% of NIH spending.
營養不良是導致健康不良的主要風險因素，但營養研究僅占NIH支出的4%。
This matters. When the expert committee in charge of updating America's dietary guidelines convened in 2024 to discuss what to do with ultra-processed foods (UPFs),
這很重要。當負責更新美國飲食指南的專家委員會于2024年召開會議討論如何處理超加工食品(UPFs)時，
it concluded that the research on their effects was too thin to recommend anything specific.
它得出結論，對其影響的研究太薄弱，無法提出任何具體建議。
The world's most rigorous clinical trial on how UPFs affect health was done at the NIH in 2019. Resources for such trials were cut to the bone in 2022.
2019年，NIH進行了世界上最嚴格的臨床試驗，研究超加工食品如何影響健康。2022年，用于此類試驗的資源被削減到最低限度。
If he is confirmed by the Senate, Mr Kennedy will quickly realise that to have a meaningful impact on chronic disease
如果肯尼迪得到參議院的批準，他很快就會意識到，要對慢性病產生有意義的影響，
he needs co-operation from public-health services, which fall under the CDC, and state health departments (to which the agency allocates 70% of its budget).
他需要公共衛生服務部門（隸屬于疾病預防控制中心）和州衛生部門（該機構70%的預算分配給這些部門）的合作。
They carry out campaigns to encourage people to eat healthy diets, stop smoking and drink less.
他們開展活動，鼓勵人們健康飲食、戒煙和少喝酒。
They also run free clinics where people without health insurance are screened for cancer, diabetes and high blood pressure.
他們還開辦免費診所，為沒有醫療保險的人提供癌癥、糖尿病和高血壓篩查。
Mr Kennedy has toned down his trashing of vaccines, even denying that he is opposed to them—no doubt to improve his chances of Senate confirmation.
肯尼迪已經淡化了他對疫苗的抨擊，甚至否認他反對疫苗——這無疑是為了提高他獲得參議院批準的機會。
But once he bags the job, he could well focus a lot of his energy on anti-vaccine strategies. That would not make America healthy at all.
但一旦他獲得這份工作，他很可能會把大量精力集中在反疫苗策略上。這根本不會讓美國變得健康。
As Jerome Adams, who was surgeon-general in Mr Trump's first administration, wrote on X,
正如特朗普第一屆政府的衛生局局長杰羅姆·亞當斯在X上所說，
"Chronic diseases are important—but you can't die from cancer when you're 50 if you die from polio when you're 5."
“慢性病很重要——但如果你在5歲時死于脊髓灰質炎，那么你就不會在50歲時死于癌癥。”
