評(píng)論
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In the late 1940s, medics were worried.
在20世紀(jì)40年代末，醫(yī)護(hù)人員普遍很擔(dān)心。
Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of heart disease and no one knew why.
像許多富裕國(guó)家一樣，英國(guó)正遭受心臟“流行病”的折磨，沒(méi)人知道原因。
Various hypotheses, such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not exercising researchers was exercise.
人們提出了各種各樣的假設(shè)，比如壓力; 但有一件事并沒(méi)有使研究人員擔(dān)憂，那就是鍛煉。
The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University.
劍橋大學(xué)流行病學(xué)教授尼克·韋勒姆表示，健康和運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)“在當(dāng)時(shí)并不是我們今天所知道的公認(rèn)事實(shí)”。
Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”.
一些人甚至認(rèn)為“過(guò)多的體育活動(dòng)對(duì)你的健康有害”。
Navvies, miners and farm labourers did physical exercise by the spade-load.
海員、礦工和農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人大量地進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)。
They also suffered disproportionately from various diseases, died young and featured in novels by D.H. Lawrence.
仍舊遭受了各種各樣的疾病，英年早逝，并成為了勞倫斯小說(shuō)的主角。
It was a miserable existence.
這是一種悲慘的生活。
At this time a young doctor called Jerry Morris started to suspect that the excess deaths from heart disease might be linked to occupation.
這時(shí)，一位名叫杰瑞·莫里斯的年輕醫(yī)生開(kāi)始懷疑，死于心臟病人數(shù)過(guò)多的情況可能與職業(yè)有關(guān)。
He began studying the medical records of 31,000 London transport workers.
他開(kāi)始研究31000名倫敦交通工人的醫(yī)療記錄。
His findings were breathtaking: conductors, who spent their time running up and down stairs, had an approximately 30% lower incidence of disease than drivers, who sat down all day.
他的發(fā)現(xiàn)令人震驚:花時(shí)間上下樓梯的售票員比整天坐著的司機(jī)發(fā)病率低了大約30%。
Exercise was keeping people alive.
鍛煉可以使人保持活力。
Morris looked at postal workers, and found a similar pattern: postmen (who walked all day) had far lower rates of disease than telephonists (who typically sat).
莫里斯觀察了郵政工人，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)相似的模式:郵遞員(整天走路)的發(fā)病率遠(yuǎn)低于電話接線員(通常坐著)。
Morris’s research was eventually published in 1953, just three years after a study by Richard Doll proving the link between smoking and lung cancer.
莫里斯的研究最終于1953年發(fā)表，而就在三年前，理查德·多爾的一項(xiàng)研究證明了吸煙與肺癌之間的聯(lián)系。
As any Londoner could tell you, you wait centuries for a paradigm-changing epidemiological study to turn up; then two come along at once.
任何一個(gè)倫敦人都會(huì)告訴你，你要等上幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才能發(fā)現(xiàn)一項(xiàng)范式變革類型的流行病學(xué)研究; 然而同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)研究。
Morris’s work had consequences both big and small.
莫里斯的工作產(chǎn)生了或大或小的影響。
Morris (who had given up smoking when he read Doll’s study) now also took up exercise, handing his jacket to his daughter on Hampstead Heath and just running.
在漢普斯特德希思的莫里斯(當(dāng)他讀到多爾的研究報(bào)告時(shí)，他已經(jīng)戒煙了)現(xiàn)在也開(kāi)始鍛煉，他把夾克交給女兒，就開(kāi)始跑步。
“People thought I was bananas.”
“人們以為我瘋了。”
Slowly, the rest of the world took off its jacket and followed.
慢慢地，世界上的其他地方也學(xué)他脫下外套，跟著跑起了步。
