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Illness is stopping Britons from coming back to work.
疾病使英國(guó)人無(wú)法重返工作崗位。
During the 2010s the British economy grew not by becoming much more productive but by keeping people in work for longer.
在2010年代，英國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)的方式并不是提高生產(chǎn)率，而是延長(zhǎng)人們的工作時(shí)間。
Of the 4m or so extra workers who became employed in 2010-20, two-thirds had lived for more than half a century.
在2010-2020年新增的400萬(wàn)左右工人中，三分之二的人年齡已經(jīng)超過50歲。
Since the pandemic many of these veterans have gone absent without leave.
自疫情爆發(fā)以來，這些“老兵”中的許多人擅離職守。
New labour-market data, covering the three months to the end of November 2022, show that there were roughly 300,000 more inactive workers over the age of 50 compared with the first quarter of 2020.
截至2022年11月底的三個(gè)月的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，與2020年第一季度相比，50歲以上的非活躍工人大約增加了30萬(wàn)人。
Number-crunchers divide those out of work into two groups—the unemployed, who are looking and available for work; and the inactive, who are not.
統(tǒng)計(jì)者把失業(yè)人群分為兩部分——失業(yè)者，正在尋找并可以找到工作的人；以及非活躍工人，即不再尋找工作的人。
There are far more inactive workers (about 22% of the working-age population) than unemployed ones (under 4%).
非活躍工人的數(shù)量（約占勞動(dòng)年齡人口的22%）遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于失業(yè)工人(不到4%)。
Inactive workers include the long-term sick, the retired, those looking after children, students and those who have given up looking for work.
非活躍工人包括長(zhǎng)期患病、已經(jīng)退休、需要照顧孩子的人，以及學(xué)生和那些放棄找工作的人。
The ranks of the sick have apparently swollen the most since the pandemic.
自疫情以來，患病人數(shù)明顯增加了最多。
There were an additional 300,000 workers between the ages of 16 and 64 who said they were inactive because of long-term illness in the third quarter of 2022 compared with the first quarter of 2020.
與2020年第一季度相比，2022年第三季度，年齡在16歲到64歲之間的員工中，有30萬(wàn)人表示他們因長(zhǎng)期患病而處于非活躍狀態(tài)。
(The other big increase was among students, typically at the younger end of the age spectrum.)
（非活躍數(shù)量大幅增長(zhǎng)的另一個(gè)群體是學(xué)生，通常是年齡較小的學(xué)生。）
But research by Bee Boileau of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a think-tank, shows that the increase in ill-health is among workers who have been inactive for over five years rather than among those who recently left the labour force.
但“財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究所”智庫(kù)的比·布瓦洛研究表明，健康問題的增加發(fā)生在超過五年非活躍的工人群體中，而不是近期離開勞動(dòng)力大軍的工人中。
She points to another, unrelated trend: more workers have been retiring early.
她指出了另一個(gè)無(wú)關(guān)的趨勢(shì)：越來越多的工人提前退休。
Pension rules, introduced in 2015 and known as "pension freedoms", allow those over the age of 55 to withdraw their nest egg early and gradually draw down the balance to live on.
2015年，被稱為“養(yǎng)老金自由”的養(yǎng)老金規(guī)則出臺(tái)，該規(guī)則允許55歲以上的人提早提取儲(chǔ)蓄金，并逐漸提取余額以維持生活。
The pandemic boosted the value of these pots.
疫情提振了這些存錢罐的價(jià)值。
First, would-be retirees had more cash to save through not going into the office or socialising; second, lower interest rates and a stockmarket boom lifted the value of financial assets.
首先，準(zhǔn)退休人員居家辦公或不參于社交活動(dòng)能夠省下更多的錢；其次，較低的利率和股市的繁榮提升了金融資產(chǎn)的價(jià)值。
Some will have used the windfall to retire.
一些人會(huì)用這筆意外之財(cái)退休。
