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A blood shortage and the kicking of an aid addiction.
血液短缺和擺脫對援助的依賴。
Tragedy led Mariam Mwinyiusi to open a vein.
一場悲劇讓瑪麗亞姆·姆溫尤西開始獻血。
Last year her friend died when she could not get a blood transfusion in time.
去年，她的朋友因未能及時輸血而去世。
"I can prevent it from happening to another person," she says at a blood bank in Nairobi, Kenya's capital.
她在肯尼亞首都內羅畢的一家血庫說：“我可以防止這種情況發生在另一個人身上。”
Blood shortages have been a huge problem in Kenya - and many other parts of sub-Saharan Africa - for years.
多年來，血液短缺一直是肯尼亞和撒哈拉以南非洲許多地區的重大問題。
The cost is untold suffering, mainly of mothers and children.
它導致了難以形容的的痛苦，受害者主要是母親和孩子。
Researchers at Imperial College in London found that almost 52% of children in three east African countries admitted to hospital with severe anaemia died if they did not receive blood transfusions within eight hours.
倫敦帝國理工學院的研究人員發現，在三個東非國家，因嚴重貧血入院的兒童中，如果未能在8小時內及時輸血，死亡率達到近52%。
By contrast, 96% of those who got blood promptly survived.
相比之下，及時輸血的兒童有96%能夠幸存。
Other studies found that 26% of women who died in childbirth in sub-Saharan Africa could have been saved, had blood been available.
其他研究發現，如果及時輸血，撒哈拉以南非洲地區死于分娩的婦女中有26%可以獲救。
The World Health Organization estimates that 65,000 pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa die every year from blood loss.
世界衛生組織估計，撒哈拉以南非洲地區每年有6.5萬名孕婦死于失血過多。
Kenya's government reckons that 35% of maternal deaths in 2020 were linked to blood shortages.
肯尼亞政府估計，2020年35%的產婦因血液短缺而死亡。
There are several reasons why Kenya has so little bottled blood.
肯尼亞的血液如此之少存在幾個原因。
Until recently the government spent little on blood drives to attract donors, who tended to show up only when a friend or relative needed a pint.
直到不久之前，政府在吸引獻血者獻血的活動上投入的資金很少，人們往往只在朋友或親戚需要輸血時才會獻一品脫血。
Many worry that if they give to the bank, they could then be left dry, should a relative need a top-up.
許多人擔心，如果他們給血庫獻血，那么如果有人需要足量輸血，他們可能會被抽干。
Yet before 2020 most of the funding for Kenya's blood service came from America through the President's Emergency Plan for aids Relief (PEPFAR).
在2020年前，肯尼亞血液服務的大部分資金來自美國的“總統防治艾滋病緊急救援計劃”(PEPFAR)。
This focused mainly on ensuring that blood was tested to curb the spread of infections such as HIV, rather than on promoting donations.
該計劃的主要目標是對血庫的血液進行測試，以遏制艾滋等病毒的傳播，而不是呼吁人們獻血。
