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The possible unintended consequences of anti-vaping policies.
反電子煙政策可能產(chǎn)生的意外后果。
E-cigarettes, also known as vapes and by brand names such as Juul, are battery-operated devices that allow users to inhale nicotine without lighting a cigarette.
電子煙（E-cigarettes）也被稱為vape，人們有時(shí)也以電子煙制造商的品牌稱呼電子煙，例如Juul。它是一種由電池供電的設(shè)備，電子煙用戶不用點(diǎn)煙就能攝入尼古丁。
They were introduced to America in 2006.
電子煙于2006年被引入美國(guó)。
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), more than 2m high-school pupils (about 14%) reported using e-cigarettes in 2022.
根據(jù)美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局（FDA）的數(shù)據(jù)，2022年，超過(guò)200萬(wàn)名高中生（約占全部高中生的14%）在調(diào)查中表示正在使用電子煙。
The FDA and others are trying to work out how to regulate them.
FDA和其他機(jī)構(gòu)正在努力研究如何對(duì)電子煙進(jìn)行監(jiān)管。
The result may be a textbook example of unintended consequences.
結(jié)果可能是個(gè)典型的意外后果。
Though e-cigarettes are much less harmful than traditional cigarettes, their effect on health can still be serious.
電子煙的危害比傳統(tǒng)香煙小得多，但還是會(huì)對(duì)健康造成嚴(yán)重影響。
Vaping has been associated with a higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
吸電子煙的人可能更易患上哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病。
E-cigarette exposure may be particularly harmful for young adults - there are fears that it can harm brain development and trigger a lifelong addiction to nicotine.
接觸電子煙對(duì)年輕人的有害性可能更大——有人擔(dān)心它會(huì)損害大腦發(fā)育，并導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期尼古丁成癮。
Thirty states tax e-cigarettes and all states ban sales to minors.
30個(gè)州目前對(duì)電子煙征稅，所有州都不允許向未成年人銷售電子煙。
One way to cut e-cigarette consumption is by imposing a tax.
降低電子煙銷量的方法之一是征稅。
A study by the Centre for Health Economics & Policy Studies at San Diego State University found that a $1 increase in e-cigarette taxes is associated with a 14-26% decrease in vaping among high-school pupils.
圣地亞哥州立大學(xué)健康經(jīng)濟(jì)與政策研究中心的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，電子煙稅每增加1美元，高中生的電子煙消費(fèi)量就會(huì)減少14%-26%。
Unexpectedly, the tax increase seems also to temper teenage alcohol consumption.
出乎意料的是，電子煙增稅似乎也能降低青少年酒類產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)量。
One in ten teenagers reported binge drinking (four or more drinks for women, or five or more drinks for men, within a few hours at least once in the previous month).
十分之一的青少年在調(diào)查中承認(rèn)酗酒（即上個(gè)月至少有一次，女性在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)喝了大于等于四杯，或男性喝了大于等于五杯）。
According to the study, a $1 increase in e-cigarette taxes is associated with a 10-11% reduction in teenage binge drinking.
根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，電子煙稅每增加1美元，青少年酗酒的比例就會(huì)減少10%-11%。
Drinking and driving is especially deadly for young people.
酒后駕駛對(duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)尤其致命。
Young adults (aged 16-20) who drink and drive are 17 times more likely to die in a car accident.
酒后駕駛的年輕人（16-20歲）死于車禍的可能性能夠增加17倍。
The study found that increasing e-cigarette taxes reduces this, too.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，增加電子煙稅也會(huì)對(duì)此產(chǎn)生影響。
A $1 rise in e-cigarette taxes brings a 10-14% decline in the number of alcohol-related traffic deaths per 100,000 among 16-to-20-year-olds.
電子煙稅每增加1美元，每10萬(wàn)16至20歲的青少年中與酒駕相關(guān)的交通事故死亡人數(shù)就會(huì)下降10%-14%。
