評論
打印
United States
美國版塊
Ethnic studies
種族研究
Race and class
種族和階級
Ethnic-studies lessons benefit low-achieving non-white pupils
種族研究課程有利于成績較差的非白人學(xué)生
SOME CONSERVATIVES have been on a mission to remove critical race theory from classrooms.
保守黨一直蓄謀將批判性種族理論離開課堂。
Described by these advocates as any coursework discussing topics through the lens of racial identities (which is well beyond the original definition used by the critical theorists themselves), they argue that this approach to pedagogy is divisive.
這些倡導(dǎo)者將其描述為通過種族認(rèn)同視角來討論某個(gè)主題的課程（這與批評理論家的原始定義遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)相悖），他們認(rèn)為這種教育學(xué)方法是分裂的。
Eight states have passed laws banning these discussions in classrooms.
已經(jīng)有八個(gè)州通過了法律，禁止在課堂上進(jìn)行這些討論。
Six have proposed similar legislation, or plan to.
六個(gè)州也已經(jīng)提出了類似的立法，或計(jì)劃這樣做。
Some teachers claim they now fear discussing race with their pupils.
一些教師聲稱，他們現(xiàn)在害怕與學(xué)生討論種族問題。
But there is a trade-off here: according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, removing discussions about race from the classroom could disadvantage some low-achieving pupils.
但這是有代價(jià)的：根據(jù)發(fā)表在“美國國家科學(xué)院院刊”上的一項(xiàng)研究，取消課堂上關(guān)于種族問題的討論可能會(huì)使一些成績較差的學(xué)生處于不利地位。
The study shows that San Francisco’s ethnic-studies curriculum, a programme for ninth-graders (who are about 14 years old) that is designed to focus on the history of disadvantaged communities and encourages a focus on social issues, had benefits beyond merely what was learned in the classroom.
該研究表明，舊金山的民族研究課程是為九年級學(xué)生（大約14歲）設(shè)計(jì)的，旨在關(guān)注弱勢社區(qū)的歷史，并鼓勵(lì)對社會(huì)問題的關(guān)注，其好處不僅僅是在課堂上學(xué)到的東西。
Sade Bonilla of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and her colleagues show that the programme increased high-school attendance by 6-7 percentage points, course credits earned by up to 15 points (equivalent to about 3 courses) and high-school graduation by 16-19 percentage points.
馬薩諸塞大學(xué)阿默斯特分校的薩德·博尼拉和她的同事們表示，該計(jì)劃使高中出勤率提高了6-7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，課程學(xué)分增加了15個(gè)百分點(diǎn)（相當(dāng)于大約3門課程），高中畢業(yè)率提高了16-19個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
The researchers were able to study the effect of the programme on low-achieving pupils by comparing children required to enroll (because of earning a grade-point average below 2.0 the previous year) with those slightly at or above the 2.0 grade point average who were not required to enroll.
研究人員通過比較被要求登記的兒童（因?yàn)榍耙荒甑钠骄煽兊陀?.0）與那些略高于2.0平均成績的孩子，研究了該計(jì)劃對成績不佳學(xué)生的影響。
The study follows an article published in 2017 (by two authors of this current study) showing that the same programme improved shorter-term outcomes too: ninth-grade attendance, grade-point average and credits earned all improved.
在這項(xiàng)研究之前，本研究的兩位作者2017年發(fā)表的一篇文章顯示，同樣的計(jì)劃也改善了短期結(jié)果：九年級學(xué)生出勤率、平均績點(diǎn)和獲得的學(xué)分都有所改善。
San Francisco’s school district began its ethnic-studies pilot programme in the 2010-11 school year, with faculty members from San Francisco State University.
舊金山學(xué)區(qū)在2010-11學(xué)年開始了其種族研究試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，教職工來自舊金山州立大學(xué)。
The majority of pupils in the study (1,405 in total) were non-white: 60% were Asian, 23% Hispanic, 6% black and 5% white.
研究中的大多數(shù)學(xué)生（總共1405名）是非白人：60%是亞洲人，23%是西班牙，6%是黑人，5%是白人。
Because of the small sample of black and white pupils, the researchers were unable to draw conclusions about those groups.
由于黑人和白人學(xué)生的樣本很少，研究人員無法對這些群體得出結(jié)論。
The curriculum focused on a variety of topics: race as a social construct, the history of eugenics, federal housing discrimination, and others.
課程內(nèi)容關(guān)注各種主題：種族是一種社會(huì)建構(gòu)，優(yōu)生學(xué)史，聯(lián)邦住房歧視等等。
It also taught pupils about practices to counter racism and oppression: marching, voting, campaigning.
它還向?qū)W生傳授反對種族主義和壓迫的做法：游行、投票、競選。
Pupils were encouraged to think of ways to counter racism in their own communities. The results are encouraging.
鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生想辦法在他們自己的社區(qū)里對抗種族主義。結(jié)果很令人滿意。
Improving high school graduation is not a trivial matter.
提高高中畢業(yè)率不是一件小事。
Pupils who graduate from high school enjoy higher wages, greater wealth accumulation and better health outcomes.
高中畢業(yè)的學(xué)生享有更高的工資，更多的財(cái)富積累和更好的健康狀況。
But these positive results probably will not sway everyone.
但這些積極的結(jié)果可能不會(huì)讓所有人動(dòng)心。
The programme improved outcomes for low-achieving Asian and Hispanic pupils, but the study was unable to measure an effect on other pupils: higher-achieving or white pupils, for example.
該計(jì)劃改善了成績較差的亞裔和西班牙裔學(xué)生的成績，但這項(xiàng)研究無法衡量對其他學(xué)生的影響：例如，對成績較好的學(xué)生或白人學(xué)生。
California has decided to require the course for graduation for all, starting in 2030.
加州已決定從2030年開始，要求所有人在畢業(yè)前都要學(xué)習(xí)這門課程。
But there are risks with scaling up pilot programmes, and not just because the curriculum has not yet proved to be effective for all. There are also concerns about quality.
但擴(kuò)大試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目也存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這不僅僅是因?yàn)樵撜n程是否對所有人有效還不得知，同時(shí)還有對課程質(zhì)量的擔(dān)憂。
San Francisco’s programme was taught by teachers who chose to offer the curriculum and had extensive training.
舊金山的課程由提出開設(shè)課程并接受過廣泛培訓(xùn)的教師授課。
Educators begrudgingly teaching the programme with lesser training would probably not have the same effect.
如果教育工作者接受的培訓(xùn)不夠，同時(shí)又不情愿地教授該課程，可能不會(huì)產(chǎn)生同樣的效果。
Yet the programme in San Francisco was clearly successful at motivating low-achievers who were otherwise uninterested in their schooling, explains Ms Bonilla.
然而，博尼拉解釋說，舊金山的項(xiàng)目顯然成功地激勵(lì)了那些原本對學(xué)業(yè)不感興趣的低成就學(xué)生。
These at-risk pupils began engaging more deeply with their schoolwork and may have even attended college at higher rates.
這些有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的學(xué)生開始更深入地投入學(xué)業(yè)，甚至進(jìn)入大學(xué)的比例也提高了。
"The course seems to really engage them and make them lean into school," she explains.
她解釋說：“這門課程似乎真的吸引了他們，讓他們更加融入學(xué)校?！?/p>
"And not just in their ethnic-studies class, but in science, math[s] and everywhere."
“不僅體現(xiàn)在他們的種族研究課上，而且在科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和任何地方都是如此。”
Unfortunately for low-achieving pupils in the eight states now banning critical race theory, such teaching may not be allowed in their schools.
對于禁止批判性種族理論的八個(gè)州中成績較差的學(xué)生來說是很遺憾的，因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)?？赡懿辉试S這樣的教學(xué)。
譯文由可可原創(chuàng)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)交流使用，未經(jīng)許可請勿轉(zhuǎn)載。
