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Even before the pandemic, this gap was a worry. The government had been trying to close it with extra apprenticeships and training schemes. Now these have been expanded, with a more active approach to getting young people in particular into work. A scheme known as "One youth, one solution" guarantees every under-26-year-old training, an apprenticeship or a job, for which firms may get a public subsidy. The poorest get nearly 500 euros($590) extra in benefits a month if they enrol in an active job-hunt scheme. "The government has invested a lot in upskilling," says Ludovic Subran, chief economist at Allianz, an insurer. "But there's an underlying mismatch between supply and demand that will remain for some time."
甚至在新冠疫情之前，這一差距就令人擔憂。政府一直試圖用額外的學(xué)徒和培訓(xùn)計劃來縮短這一差距。現(xiàn)在這些措施進一步擴大，政府想用一種更積極的方式讓年輕人找到工作。一項名為“一個年輕人，一個解決方案”的計劃保證每個26歲以下的年輕人都能接受培訓(xùn)，成為學(xué)徒或者找到工作，公司可以為此獲得公共補貼。如果他們加入了一個積極的求職計劃，那么最窮的人每月能多得到將近500歐元(590美元)的補助。保險公司安聯(lián)的首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家盧多維奇·蘇夫朗表示：“政府在提高技能方面投入了大量資金。但供需之間存在潛在的不匹配，這種情況將持續(xù)一段時間。”
In parallel, there is an attempt to redesign the unemployment-benefit rules to encourage people to work. President Emmanuel Macron's reform involves, among other things, curbing the generous payouts to high-earners while also increasing from four to six months the length of service required to qualify for full benefits. This latter measure is designed to discourage firms from creating short-term contracts, which they do knowing that people can fall back on benefits in between. But after unions took the reform to France's highest administrative court, the government was told in June to suspend it until the economy improves. Mr Macron vows it will apply from October, if growth picks up.
與此同時，政府試圖重新設(shè)計失業(yè)救濟規(guī)則以鼓勵人們工作。法國總統(tǒng)埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍的改革包括，限制對高收入者的慷慨支出，同時將獲得全額福利的服務(wù)年限從4個月增加到6個月。后一種措施旨在阻止公司簽訂短期合同，因為他們知道有人能夠從中獲得福利。但在工會將這項改革提交法國最高行政法院之后，政府在6月被告知在經(jīng)濟好轉(zhuǎn)前將暫停該計劃。馬克龍承諾，如果經(jīng)濟增長加快，該計劃將從10月份開始實施。
Staff shortages in the hospitality business may be linked to its generous furlough schemes. This will be tested at the end of August, when such workers will get only 72% of salaries rather than 84%. That may help firms entice staff back. So might better pay. For the moment, as restaurants prepare to check vaccination passes at entry, uncertainty is discouraging them from promising higher wages. Diners may need to get used to longer waits, and fewer alternatives to the plat du jour.
酒店行業(yè)的員工短缺可能與其慷慨的休假計劃有關(guān)。這將在8月底得到檢驗，屆時這些工人將只能得到工資的72%，而不是84%。這可能有助于公司將員工吸引回來，所以可能會有更好的報酬。目前，由于餐館準備在消費者進入時檢查疫苗接種證明，不確定性使他們不愿承諾提高工資。用餐者可能需要習慣更長的等待時間，以及更少的菜品選擇。
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