On the one hand, it is worth recognising the capacity of long-standing political institutions to fight back. Just as "sharing economy" platforms such as Uber and Airbnb have recently been thwarted by legal rulings (Uber being compelled to recognise drivers as employees, Airbnb being banned altogether by some municipal authorities), privacy and human rights law represents a potential obstacle to the extension of data analytics. What is less clear is how the benefits of digital analytics might ever be offered to the public, in the way that many statistical data sets are. Bodies such as the Open Data Institute, co-founded by Tim Berners-Lee, campaign to make data publicly available, but have little leverage over the corporations where so much of our data now accumulates. Statistics began life as a tool through which the state could view society, but gradually developed into something that academics, civic reformers and businesses had a stake in. But for many data analytics firms, secrecy surrounding methods and sources of data is a competitive advantage that they will not give up voluntarily.
一方面,值得承認的是,長期存在的政治機構有能力予以反擊。正如優步和愛彼迎等“共享經濟”平臺最近受到法律裁決的阻撓(優步被迫承認司機是雇員,愛彼迎被一些市政當局完全禁止),隱私和人權法律是數據分析擴展的潛在障礙。數據分析的好處如何以許多統計數據集的方式提供給公眾,這一點我們不太清楚。由蒂姆·伯納斯-李聯合創立的“開放數據研究所”等機構致力于讓數據公開,但這對如今積累了很多數據的企業并沒有什么影響力。統計一開始是國家用來觀察社會的工具,但逐漸發展成了和學者、公民改革者和企業都利害攸關的東西。但對于許多數據分析公司來說,對數據方法和來源保密是一種競爭優勢,它們不會自愿放棄這種優勢。
A post-statistical society is a potentially frightening proposition, not because it would lack any forms of truth or expertise altogether, but because it would drastically privatise them. Statistics are one of many pillars of liberalism, indeed of Enlightenment. The experts who produce and use them have become painted as arrogant and oblivious to the emotional and local dimensions of politics. No doubt there are ways in which data collection could be adapted to reflect lived experiences better. But the battle that will need to be waged in the long term is not between an elite-led politics of facts versus a populist politics of feeling. It is between those still committed to public knowledge and public argument and those who profit from the ongoing disintegration of those things.
后統計社會是一個可怕的潛在命題,不是因為它會完全缺乏任何形式的真相或專業知識,而是因為這會將它們徹底私有化。統計學是自由主義、甚至是啟蒙運動的眾多支柱之一。制作和使用它們的專家們被描繪成傲慢自大、無視政治情感和地方層面之人。毫無疑問,有很多方法可以使數據收集更好地反映生活經驗。但長期而言,需要進行的斗爭不是精英主導的事實政治與民粹主義政治之間的斗爭,而是那些仍致力于公共知識和公共辯論的人和那些正在瓦解這些東西的人之間的斗爭。