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imperfection and impermanence.
缺憾與無常
Imperfection because these lines
缺憾是因為這些線條
are uncontrolled and irregular, and impermanence
是不受控制且不規(guī)則的 而無常
because, of course, the ice will melt.
是因為冰終將融化
And those two concepts are just as fundamental
這兩個概念在日本藝術(shù)中的根本地位
to Japanese art as the classical Greek-Roman ideas
相當(dāng)于古希臘-羅馬對美與無缺的經(jīng)典理念
of beauty and perfection are to European art,
在歐洲藝術(shù)中的地位
so this is Okyo incorporating European ideas into his art,
所以圓山在這幅作品中吸收了歐式理念
but in ways that are in keeping
但同時也保持了
with Japanese philosophy and Japanese tastes.
日式哲學(xué)與審美品味
This synthesis of east and west was only possible
沒有日本與荷蘭之間
because of the tiny trading bottleneck
小小的貿(mào)易瓶頸
between Japan and Holland.
這樣的東西結(jié)合是不可能發(fā)生的
Yet from the Dutch point of view,
而在荷蘭人眼中
it was just one of many global trading partnerships.
這只是眾多全球貿(mào)易合作關(guān)系之一
It gave the tiny Dutch Republic an influence
這使小小的荷蘭共和國擁有
that was way out of proportion with its size.
與國土面積完全不成比例的巨大影響
Dutch merchants grew rich supplying their clients
荷蘭商人向海外客戶供貨而獲利
abroad and back home with the goods they wanted,
之后帶著自己想要的貨物返回國內(nèi)
as well as with new and exotic goods
同時帶來了自己也沒想到的
they hadn't even known they wanted.
新鮮的異國奇珍
At the very centre of this vast, intercontinental network
在這覆蓋甚廣的洲際貿(mào)易基地網(wǎng)絡(luò)
of trading bases and this web of shipping routes
與運輸航路的中心
lay the city of Amsterdam.
就坐落著阿姆斯特丹
In the Dutch golden age of the 17th century,
十七世紀(jì)是荷蘭的黃金年代
Amsterdam was one enormous market -
阿姆斯特丹就是規(guī)模巨大的市場
everything and anything was being bought and sold here.
商品琳瑯滿目 交易熱火朝天
When the French philosopher Descartes
當(dāng)法國哲學(xué)家笛卡爾在十七世紀(jì)三十年代
arrived in the 1630s, he described it as a city
來到這里時 他將這個城市描述為
where all of the commodities and all of the curiosities
這里可以買到你想要的任何貨物
that one could wish for could be bought.
你所能想象的任何奇珍異品
So, whereas the Japanese had tried to block out the wider world,
正當(dāng)日本人對外部世界唯恐避之而不及時
their Dutch trading partners couldn't get enough of it.
他們的荷蘭貿(mào)易伙伴卻愈發(fā)樂此不疲
In Amsterdam, the Republic's wealthy merchants
在阿姆斯特丹 共和國富有的商人們
built their grand, canalside villas
沿運河建起了豪華別墅
and filled them with the fruits of global trade.
里面藏滿來自全球貿(mào)易的累累碩果
