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來源于《社論》版塊
Export controls in Asia
亞洲的出口管制
History wars
歷史戰爭
A trade dispute between Japan and South Korea has echoes of Donald Trump’s tactics
日本和韓國之間的貿易爭端與唐納德•特朗普的策略如出一轍
Take just about any trade fight today, and President Donald Trump’s America is at the centre of it: with Europe over cars and aeroplanes; with foreign producers of steel; with China over, well, everything. But a brawl now under way in Asia, between Japan and South Korea, has the potential to be as damaging as much of what Mr Trump has stirred up. It is also a sign that his model of abusing economic partners is spreading.
就拿今天的任何一場貿易戰來說吧，唐納德·特朗普總統領導下的美國正處于這場貿易戰的中心：在汽車和飛機問題上與歐洲對抗；與外國鋼鐵生產商合作；隨著中國的結束，嗯，一切都結束了。但如今在亞洲、日本和韓國之間正在發生的一場爭吵，其破壞性可能不亞于特朗普挑起的事端。這也表明，他濫用經濟伙伴的模式正在蔓延。
Tensions between Japan and South Korea go back centuries. Japan’s colonisation of Korea between 1910 and 1945 is still resented. Japan believes a 1965 agreement resolved claims by South Korea over forced labour. It is incensed that South Korea’s supreme court last year ordered Japanese firms to compensate victims. Amid a widening rift, Japan took its most serious action on July 4th when it began restricting exports to South Korea of three specialised chemicals used to make semiconductors and smartphones.
日本和韓國之間的緊張關系可以追溯到幾百年前。1910年至1945年間，日本對朝鮮的殖民統治至今仍令人怨恨。日本認為，1965年的一項協議解決了韓國對強迫勞動的要求。去年，韓國最高法院下令日本公司賠償受害者，這讓韓國感到憤怒。在日益擴大的分歧中，日本在7月4日采取了最嚴重的行動，開始限制向韓國出口三種用于制造半導體和智能手機的特殊化學品。
The stakes are high. Japan accounts for as much as 90% of global production of these chemicals. It exported nearly $400mworth of them to South Korea last year. That may not sound like much, but their importance is outsized. They are needed to make memory chips, which are essential to all sorts of electronic devices. And South Korean firms are the world’s dominant manufacturers of memory chips. If Japan were to choke off exports, the pain would ripple through global tech supply chains.
風險很高。日本占全球這些化學品產量的90%。去年，中國向韓國出口了價值近4億美元的稀土。這聽起來可能不算什么，但它們的重要性卻被夸大了。它們被用來制造存儲芯片，而存儲芯片對各種電子設備都是必不可少的。韓國公司是世界上內存芯片的主要制造商。如果日本切斷出口，其痛苦將波及全球科技供應鏈。
Japan has also hinted that it might start requiring case-bycase licences for the sale to South Korea of some 850 products with military uses. South Korean firms have called for boycotts of Japanese goods. The two countries, whose trade relationship, worth over $80bn a year, is larger than that between France and Britain, need to step back from the brink.
日本還暗示，它可能會開始要求向韓國出售約850種軍用產品的個案許可證。韓國公司呼吁抵制日貨。兩國的貿易關系每年超過800億美元，超過了法國和英國之間的貿易關系。
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