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Finally ketamine crossed back into commercial drug development. In 2009, Johnson & Johnson lured away Husseini Manji, a prominent NIH researcher who'd worked on the drug, to run its neuroscience division.
最后，氯胺酮又回到商業(yè)藥物開發(fā)的領(lǐng)域中。2009年，強(qiáng)生公司吸引了一位美國(guó)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究院研究該藥物的著名研究員侯賽尼·曼吉去管理其神經(jīng)科學(xué)部門。
J&J didn't hire him explicitly to develop ketamine into a new pharmaceutical, but a few years into his tenure, Manji decided to look into it.
強(qiáng)生并未明確雇用他是為把氯胺酮開發(fā)成新藥，但在任職幾年后，曼吉決定對(duì)此進(jìn)行調(diào)查。
This time it would come in a nasal-spray form of esketamine, a close chemical cousin. That would allow for patent protection.
這次研制出來的是艾氯胺酮鼻腔噴霧劑，氯胺酮和艾氯胺酮在化學(xué)性質(zhì)方面相關(guān)。這樣可以進(jìn)行專利保護(hù)。
Further, the nasal spray removes some of the challenges that an IV form of the drug would present. Psychiatrists, for one thing, aren't typically equipped to administer IV drugs in their offices.
此外，鼻腔噴霧劑消除了靜脈注射式藥物構(gòu)成的一些挑戰(zhàn)。一方面，精神科醫(yī)生的診室中通常不具備進(jìn)行靜脈注射的設(shè)備。
While these wheels were slowly turning, some doctors—mostly psychiatrists and anesthesiologists—took action. Around 2012 they started opening ketamine clinics.
情況慢慢進(jìn)展的同時(shí)，一些醫(yī)生，主要是精神科醫(yī)生和麻醉師開始采取行動(dòng)。約在2012年左右，他們開始開設(shè)氯胺酮治療診所。
Dozens have now popped up in major metropolitan areas. Insurance typically won't touch it, but at these centers people can pay about $500 for an infusion of the drug.
現(xiàn)在，已有數(shù)十家進(jìn)入主要的大都市區(qū)中，它們通常不在保險(xiǎn)負(fù)責(zé)的范圍之內(nèi)。但在這些治療中心，人們可以花大約500美元購(gòu)買注射藥物。
It was at one time a cultural phenomenon—a 2015 Bloomberg Businessweek story called it "the club drug cure." Since then, the sense of novelty has dissipated.
這曾一度成為一種文化現(xiàn)象，2015年美國(guó)商業(yè)周刊將稱其為“娛樂用藥治療”。從此以后，人們對(duì)其的新奇感逐漸消失。
In September the American Society of Ketamine Physicians convened its first medical meeting about the unconventional use of the drug.
9月，美國(guó)氯胺酮醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)召開了有關(guān)非常規(guī)使用該藥物的首次醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)議。
A ketamine clinic can be the way out of this scenario—for people with access and means. For Dana Manning, a 53-year-old Maine resident who suffers from bipolar disorder, $500 is out of reach.
對(duì)于那些能夠獲取藥物的人來說，氯胺酮治療診所是一種解決方案。但像患有雙相情感障礙的戴納·曼寧，500美元可是一筆遙不可及的大數(shù)目。戴納·曼寧今年53歲，居住在緬因州。
"I want to die every day," she says. After trying to end her life in 2003 by overdosing on a cocktail of drugs including Xanax and Percocet, Manning tried virtually every drug approved for bipolar disorder.
“我每天都想死，”她說。2003年，曼寧試圖過量服用包括贊安諾和對(duì)乙酰氨基酚片劑在內(nèi)的混合藥物來結(jié)束自己的生命，之后她嘗試了幾乎所有批準(zhǔn)用于治療雙相情感障礙的藥物。
None stopped the mood swings. In 2010 the depression came back so intensely that she could barely get out of bed and had to quit her job as a medical records specialist.
沒有哪種藥物能停止她的情緒波動(dòng)。2010年，抑郁情緒強(qiáng)烈回潮，使她幾乎不能起床，不得不辭去醫(yī)療記錄專員的工作。
Electroconvulsive therapy, the last-ditch treatment for depressed patients who don't respond to drugs, didn't help.
對(duì)于使用藥物治療無效的抑郁癥患者，電休克治療是最后一種治療方法。
Her psychiatrist went deep into the medical literature to find options and finally suggested ketamine. He was even able to get the state Medicaid program to cover it, she says.
她的精神科醫(yī)生深入研究醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，尋找可選用的治療方案，最后建議她使用氯胺酮。她說，他甚至獲取了緬因州醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃來幫她支付治療費(fèi)用。
She received a total of four weekly infusions before she moved to Pennsylvania, where there were more family members nearby to care for her.
她每周注射一次，連續(xù)治療四周。后來，曼寧搬到了賓夕法尼亞州，那有更多的家人能陪伴左右照顧她。
