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The outermost is a layer of hardened, dead cells.
表層是一些壞死的硬細胞，
This top layer is usually about twenty-five cells thick, and it constantly replaces itself as the outermost cells flake off to be replaced by new hardened, dead cells underneath.
通常有25個細胞那么厚，表層細胞不斷的脫落，取而代之的是下層硬的壞死細胞，由此而完成自我更替過程。
If your skin is subject to an unusual amount of friction, this layer of dead cells increases.
假如皮膚受到不尋常量的摩擦，這層壞死細胞將會增加，
New dead cells are added faster than the old ones slough away.
新的壞死細胞增長速度比舊細胞脫落的速度快，
This can build up the outer layer from twenty-five cells thick to over a hundred cells thick.
這就致使皮膚表層的厚度增加到100個細胞那么厚，
You've grown a callus.
由此，老繭便形成。
While calluses are generally useful, if the process continues unchecked a callus can thicken into a cone-shaped structure called a corn.
雖然一般來講，繭是有益的，但如不控制其過程，老繭厚度就會增加到被稱作雞眼的錐形結構，
These super calluses can be quite painful, and may require the attention of a doctor.
那樣就會很疼，甚至需要去看醫生。
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