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That contest is particularly stark in Southeast Asia, one of the world’s last frontiers of coal expansion.
這一競爭在東南亞，世界上最后幾個煤炭擴張的邊疆之一，尤為明顯。
Nguy Thi Khanh has seen the contest close-up in Vietnam.
阮氏慶在越南親眼見證了這場競爭。
Born in 1976, a year after the end of the war, she remembers doing homework by the light of a kerosene lamp.
出生于1976年——也即（越南）戰爭結束的次年——的她還記得自己在煤油燈下做功課的情形。
In her northern village, the electricity failed several hours a day.
在她北邊的村莊，每天都要斷電好幾個小時。
When it rained, there was no power at all.
下雨的時候就會整天整天地停電。
When it came, it came from a coal plant not far away.
來電的時候，電也是從不遠處的一個煤電廠輸送來的。
When her mother hung laundry to dry, ash settled on the clothes.
她媽媽晾衣服的時候，煤灰就會落在衣服上。
Today, pretty much every household in Vietnam, population 95 million, has electricity.
如今，越南，人口9500萬，幾乎每個家庭都已經通電。
Hanoi, the capital, where Ms. Nguy now lives, is in a frenzy of new construction,
首都河內，阮小姐現在居住的地方，如今正在大肆興建土木，
with soaring demand for cement and steel — both energy guzzlers.
對于水泥和鋼鐵需求不斷飆升——而這兩種原料的制作都需要大量的能源。
The economy is galloping.
越南的經濟正在騰飛。
And, up and down the coast, 1,600 kilometers in length, foreign companies, mainly from Japan and China, are building coal plants.
而且，海岸線，長達1600公里，沿岸地區從北往南，建設煤電廠的外國企業比比皆是，其中又主要是日本企業和中國企業。
One such project is in Nghi Son, a onetime fishing village south of Hanoi and now home to a sprawling industrial zone.
其中一個項目就在儀山工業區，該地曾經是河內南部的一個漁村，如今已經成了一個龐大的工業區的所在地。
The first power plant opened here in 2013.
這里的第一座發電廠開業于2013年。
Japan’s overseas aid organization, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, paid for it.
該發電廠的資金來自于日本海外援助組織“日本國際協力機構”。
The Japanese trading house Marubeni developed it.
負責修建的是日本貿易企業丸紅株式會社。
A second coal-fired power plant, far bigger, is under construction next door.
如今，一座規模更大的燃煤發電廠已經在該發電廠旁邊施工了。
Marubeni is building that too, along with a Korean company.
參與建設的還是丸紅株式會社，此外還有一家韓國企業。
The Japan Bank for International Cooperation, an export credit agency meant to lower financial risk for private lenders, is helping to fund it.
日本國際合作銀行，一個幫助私人貸方降低財務風險的出口信貸機構，也在籌備為該項目提供部分經費。
In the shadow of the smokestack, Nguyen Thi Thu Thien was drying shrimp on the side of the road and complaining bitterly.
在煤電廠大煙囪的陰影下，阮氏秋天正在路邊一邊曬蝦，一邊一個勁兒地抱怨。
She had moved out of her house after the power plant built an ash pond right in front.
因為發電廠在她家門口挖了一個灰池，她便不得不從自己家搬了出來。
“The coal dust has blackened my house,” she said. “Even the trees are dying. We can’t live there.”
“煤灰把我們家房子都給弄黑了，”她說?！斑B樹都死了。人也住不下去了?！?/p>
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